Standards of competence in the physiotherapist profession

Wojciech Kiebzak, Jan Szczegielniak, Michał Butkiewicz, Bogusław Frańczuk, Małgorzata Starczyńska, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Wojciech Kiebzak, Jan Szczegielniak, Michał Butkiewicz, Bogusław Frańczuk, Małgorzata Starczyńska, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Standards of competence in the physiotherapist profession. Fizjoterapia Polska 2009; 9(1); 84-96

Abstract
Background. Work on standards of professional aualifications was started in Poland in the 1990’s. The standards contain a general description of professional tasks in the context of the particular profession together with an outline of the associated skills and qualifications. A total of 253 qualifica-tions standards had been developed by the end of 2007, including standards for physiotherapists, physiotherapy assistants and massage specialists. Material and methods. Five levels of qualifications have been defined in the National Professional Oualification Standard in accordance with EC provisions, taking under consideration the complexity of work, the difficulty of the skills, the degree of responsibility and the level of professional hierarchy which students are prepared to. The sets of skills, knowledge and psychophysical characteristics were assigned to four groups of qualifications: extra-professional, general-professional, basie professional and specialised professional skills, with indMdual groups differing in terms of scope and degree of generalny. On the basis of the above criteria, a questionnaire was designed and a survey was carried out. The questionnaire, which had over 30 pages, was first tested in a pilot study involving 8 persons and then used in a target study of 40 respondents. Both studies involved active physiotherapists as well as the management of the facility where they were employed. The results of the suney served to develop a preliminary version of the standard, which was later assessed by three evaluators during a session with the authors. Following incorporation of justified comments and emenda-tions, the standard was sent to reviewers, whose remarks were incorporated before the standard was submitted to a relevant committee for approval. Results. The standard of the physiotherapist profession was elaborated, including the legal basis of the profession, a synoptic description of the profession, work place, professional tasks, and a specification of general-professional, basie and specialized qualifications for the profession. Conclusions. 1. The standard is a single document specifying the range of knowledge and skills, professional tasks and the scope of professional responsibility. 2. The standard of the physiotherapist profession can be used by interested persons and institutions for a variety of purposes, e.g. vocational counselling, employment policies, personnel policy of companies and institutions as well as for social insurance related purpos-es to estimate occupational risk and determine insurance premiums accordingly and in jurisprudence and to determine social insurance.
Key words:
physiotherapist, professional tasks, professional competence
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Physiotherapist Ethical Code in Polish Republic

Wojciech Kiebzak, Krzysztof Gieremek, Marian Florczyk, Marek Kiljański

Wojciech Kiebzak, Krzysztof Gieremek, Marian Florczyk, Marek Kiljański – Physiotherapist Ethical Code in Polish Republic. Fizjoterapia Polska 2009; 9(3); 266-272

Abstract
Work is what differs human beings from other creatures. A man as a subjective existence is capable of intentional and methodical actions. A man aims at finding self-fulfillment; he decides about his own future and the future of others. Work is being done with others and for others. Work has a common naturę. The concern for a human dignity and common good re-quires obsen/ance ofcrucial values and ethical norms as well as adopting certain attitudes resulting from them. Showing re-lations between a physiotherapist and a patient, the Ethical Code of Physiotherapist outlines professional and ethical beha-viors in those relations. The Code is not limited only to those special relations, it also includes the obligations of a physiotherapist towards society doctors and associales. Among seven chapters, there are those which determine ways ofrespon-sible preparation for this profession and constant training. Therefore, the code deserves the highest recognition. Its first sen-tence, reffering to phisiotherapisfs life and work.: „to honor rights and dignity of every human being is the soul and the ve-ry fundamenta! thought of this code. This code should be extremely helpful for students as well. Deontology as professional ethics expects from aplicants for the university to make not only free but will be responsible for the well-being of men. Therefore, bearing in mind his future professional duties, he should primum non nocere!!!
Key words:
Physiotherapist Ethical Code
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Evaluation of the process of physiotherapists training in Poland

Małgorzata Starczyńska, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Małgorzata Starczyńska, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Evaluation of the process of physiotherapists training in Poland. Fizjoterapia Polska 2011; 11(1); 75-87

Abstract
A sense of professional identity, the perception of the profession in society are important factors of professional development, provide the motivation to remain in this occupation. In the paper systemisation of the knowledge concerning the development of the profession of physiotherapist in Poland has been attempted. Analysis of the available archival texts and national literature allowed to identify the test group in the context of the formation of its professional identity. The following processes were tracked formation of the first training centres for the motor rehabilitation and creating an teaching standards, program of specialisation for physiotherapists. Introduction of the term „physiotherapy in place of the functioning of the term „motor rehabilitation has initiated changes within the domain of legislative activities. In accordance with the Bologna Declaration new levels of education were created, which resulted in the acquisition of certain skills and professional titles. The changes also affected the area associated with specialization. This level of training is being actively undertaken by physiotherapists. Currently 26 centers have been accredited in which the specialization program is carried out by about 400 physiotherapists.
Key words:
physiotherapy, learning standards, professional development, history
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The profession of physiotherapist in the opinion of the professional group

Małgorzata Starczyńska, Ewa Błaszkiewicz, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Małgorzata Starczyńska, Ewa Błaszkiewicz, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński – The profession of physiotherapist in the opinion of the professional group. Fizjoterapia Polska 2011; 11(3); 227-240

Abstract
Physiotherapist carries out the medical profession. Physiotherapy is a long-term action and requires special preparation, fulfilling high professional and ethical requirements necessary in health care. Relevance and usefulness of knowledge is a requisite for professionalism. Every profession strives to achieve autonomy, reflected in the internal control exercised by professional organizations. The aim of the undertaken research is to know physical therapists’ subjective opinion on their job in the context of its professionalisation.The results of research in the group of 338 employed physiotherapists and 125 students of physiotherapy. The study was multicenter, included 11 institutions (universities and rehabilitation centers).The aim of the study was carried out based on a realized survey. The questionnaire of the survey consisted of questions arranged by topic. Respondents presented opinions on the quality of education, level of satisfaction with career choice, the status of the profession, the place it occupies in the medical team and the development of academic and professional physiotherapists.The development of scientific and professional skills indicates the progress made by Polish physiotherapy.Physical therapy is perceived as a responsible, dynamically developing and satisfying job. The work on the act on the profession of physical therapist must be completed. The quality of academic education must be enhanced as regards practical preparation for the job.
Key words:
professionalisation, physiotherapy, professional development
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The use of Kinesiology Taping in physiotherapy practice: a systematic review of the literature

Wojciech Kiebzak, Ireneusz Kowalski, Mariusz Pawłowski, Jakub Gąsior, Katarzyna Zaborowska-Sapeta, Olga Wolska, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Wojciech Kiebzak, Ireneusz Kowalski, Mariusz Pawłowski, Jakub Gąsior, Katarzyna Zaborowska-Sapeta, Olga Wolska, Zbigniew Śliwiński – The use of Kinesiology Taping in physiotherapy practice: a systematic review of the literature. Fizjoterapia Polska 2012; 12(1); 1-11

Abstract
In the scientific literature and clinical practice, the interest in using Kinesiology Taping (KT) is still growing. Initially, the method was widespread in Asia in the 70s. In the U.S., it has been applied since 1990. In Europe, the approach was presented for the first time in 1998. In Poland, KT has been developing since 2004. KT philosophy is based on enabling the free movement through the restoration of normal perfusion fluids, analgesic system activation, activating the lymph flow and muscle tension adjustment, and correction of abnormal position of the articular surfaces. The aim of this study was to analyze the available literature on the efficacy and clinical use of KT in the process of Physiotherapy.The analysis included a methodical review of the literature databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, PUBMED, INGENTA CONNECT and Google Scholar.We analyzed 87 scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals on the use of KT in the various fields of medicine and of sport of which 3 were randomized trials. Among all publications and speeches reporting the efficacy of KT method there was no paper reporting the dangers or side effects of the method. The review indicates that most of the papers about KT were published Polish Journal of Physiotherapy.Kinesiology Taping is widely used in supporting the practice of physiotherapy.
Key words:
Kinesio Taping, Kinesiology Taping,application KT, physiotherapy
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Occupational burnout and satisfaction with life in female physiotherapists

Marta Makara-Studzińska, Karolina Kryś-Noszczyk, Małgorzata Starczyńska, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Marta Makara-Studzińska, Karolina Kryś-Noszczyk, Małgorzata Starczyńska, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Occupational burnout and satisfaction with life in female physiotherapists. Fizjoterapia Polska 2012; 12(4); 327-339

Abstract
The term „occupational burnout” is used to define mental an emotional exhaustion, especially due to a long term exposure to stress. Studies show that occupational burnout is typically found in such professions as: physicians, physiotherapists, nurses, psychologists and social workers. In women, occupational burnout is manifested by emotional exhaustion. The objective of the study was to assess the level of life and job satisfaction among female physiotherapists, with particular reference to occupational burnout phenomenon. The sample included 30 female physiotherapists and the control group was composed of 30 female pharmacists. The research tools included Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSQ) and Burnout Scale Inventory (BSI). Statistical analysis was based on arithmetic means, standard deviations (SD) and the significance of differences between the mean values obtained from each occupational group. Significance level was established using Student’s-t test. The results indicate differences in the global life satisfaction score between the study and control groups. The studied female physiotherapists were diagnosed with chronic fatigue, requiring prompt preventive measures.
Key words:
burnout, satisfaction, stress, loos of energy
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Wypalenie zawodowe i zadowolenie z życia kobiet pracujących w zawodzie fizjoterapeuty

Marta Makara-Studzińska, Karolina Kryś-Noszczyk, Małgorzata Starczyńska, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Marta Makara-Studzińska, Karolina Kryś-Noszczyk, Małgorzata Starczyńska, Wojciech Kiebzak, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Occupational burnout and satisfaction with life in female
physiotherapists. Fizjoterapia Polska 2012; 12(4); 327-339

Streszczenie
Cele. Zbadanie wpływu terapii wodnej na funkcje oddechowe i jej wpływ na zdolności funkcjonalne chłopców z dystrofią mięśniową Duchenne’a (DMD). Materiał i metody. Do badania włączono dwudziestu czterech chłopców z DMD; ich wiek wahał się od siedmiu do jedenastu lat. Zostali losowo przydzieleni do dwóch równych grup; grupa poddawana terapii na ziemi otrzymała opracowany program fizjoterapii na ziemi, podczas gdy grupa poddawana terapii wodnej otrzymała ten sam program fizjoterapii do wykonania w wodzie na basenie, gdzie prowadzono zajęcia hydroterapii. Wszystkich chłopców poddawano fizjoterapii dwa razy w tygodniu przez trzy kolejne miesiące. Do pomiaru czynności oddechowych, w tym natężonej pojemności życiowej (FVC), natężonej objętości wydechowej pierwszosekundowej (FEV1) i wskaźnika FEV1/FVC% zastosowano spirometr. Testy funkcjonalne w czasie (TFT), w tym test chodu/biegu na 10 m, test wspinaczki lub zejścia po 4 standardowych schodach oraz test wstania z pozycji leżącej, po którym nastąpił test 6-minutowego chodu (6MWT) zastosowano do oceny wydolności funkcjonalnej obu grup, przed i po leczeniu. Wyniki. Wyniki uzyskane po leczeniu nie wykazały statystycznie istotnych różnic dla wszystkich zmiennych (P> 0,05) z wyjątkiem wskaźnika FEV1/FVC%, który wykazał statystycznie istotną różnicę (P = 0,0001) w obu grupach. Wniosek. Terapia wodna nie ma statystycznie istotnego wpływu na funkcje oddechowe i możliwości funkcjonalne chłopców z dystrofią mięśniową Duchenne’a.
Słowa kluczowe
Dystrofia mięśniowa Duchenne’a, Funkcje oddechowe, Terapia wodna
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Shaping ethical attitude of physiotherapist

Magdalena Rusin, Wojciech Kiebzak, Marek Kiljański, Michał Dwornik, Zbigniew Śliwiński

M. Rusin, W. Kiebzak, M. Kiljański, M. Dwornik, Z. Śliwiński – Kształtowanie postawy etycznej fizjoterapeuty. FP 2013; 13(4); 51-56

Abstract

Common behavioural and ethical patterns existing in modern medicine are subject to many social debates in which physiotherapist, alongside ethicists, philosophers and doctors, have their say. All of them express their points of view, which more often than not, coincide. The differences in opinions constitute the consequences of applying deontology in certain professional cases. Forming behavioural patterns in the process of academic studies is a hard and long-lasting task. Further development of ethical attitudes of a physiotherapist will be influenced by work. Even though physiotherapists embark upon their professional paths with already formed attitudes, these will be prone to further changes, both negative and positive, depending on the environment.

Key words:
physiotherapy, ethical stance, humanistic education

Kultura zawodu a kultura osobowa fizjoterapeuty

Wojciech Kiebzak, Magdalena Rusin, Zbigniew Śliwiński, Michał Dwornik, Marek Kiljański

W. Kiebzak, M. Rusin, Z. Śliwiński, M. Dwornik, M. Kiljański – Kultura zawodu a kultura osobowa fizjoterapeuty. FP 2013; 13(4); 44-50

Abstract

The social role of a physiotherapist must not be reduced to displaying instrumental professional knowledge and propriety; it demands from a physiotherapist to employ humane and ethical streak in his or her practice. A physiotherapist, in collaboration with the whole medical team, creates proper conditions for full recovery. Physiotherapists develop professional identity and awareness by furthering their education, raising their professional competence, belonging to physiotherapist associations and building bonds between other representatives of this profession. What influences the level of professionalism of the group and all the same determine the quality of physiotherapeutic services and a proper approach towards the patient are mutual attempt to standardise education, create role models as well as professional culture and ethical values. The aim of this study is to present physiotherapy as a profession, and the physiotherapist both as a professional who has the highest level of professional command to treat the ill and needed, and as a member of the rehabilitation (therapeutic) team – a humanist who treats a patient as a summum bonum of medicine.

Key words:
physiotherapy, professional culture, propriety, ethics, profession

Ocena sEMG aktywności mięśnia prostego brzucha oraz mięśnia wielodzielnego w zależności od sposobu przyjmowania pozycji siedzącej

Wojciech Kiebzak, Michał Dwornik, Justyna Żurawska, Arkadiusz Żurawski

W. Kiebzak, M. Dwornik, J. Żurawska, A. Żurawski – sEMG assessment of the activity of the rectus abdominis and multifidus muscles in different sitting postures. FP 2017; 17(3); 52-62

Streszczenie

Cel. Ocena aktywności mięśni prostego brzucha (RA) i wielodzielnego (MF) podczas przyjmowania swobodnej i aktywnej pozycji siedzącej.
Materiał i metoda. Badaniem objęto 30 osób w wieku 19-23 lat, u których oceniano aktywność mięśni: rectus abdominis (RA) oraz multifidus (MF) w czterech różnych pozycjach siedzących za pomocą powierzchniowego badania elektromiograficznego. Badaniem ankietowym oceniono również stopień trudności przyjęcia poszczególnych pozycji. Otrzymane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej.
Wyniki. Najwyższą wartość napięcia m. RA odnotowano w pozycji skorygowanej z tyłopochyleniem tułowia 2,34, najniższą w pozycji siedzącej swobodnej 1,16. Najwyższą aktywnością m. MF cechowała się pozycja skorygowana z przodopochyleniem tułowia 33,01, najniższą natomiast pozycja swobodna 18,66. Najwięcej osób uznało za łatwą pozycję skorygowaną z przodopochyleniem tułowia tj. 86,67% badanych, oraz swobodną 83,33%. Najtrudniejsza okazała się pozycja skorygowana z tyłopochyleniem tułowia tj. dla 90% badanych. Wyniki w skali T1 wskazują, że obserwacje empiryczne przyjmują rozkład normalny.
Wnioski
1. Pozycja siedząca skorygowana z przesunięciem tułowia do przodu realizuje kliniczne założenia prawidłowego ustawienia ciała w przestrzeni.
2. Pozycja siedząca skorygowana z przesunięciem tułowia do przodu powinna być włączona w powszechny program profilaktyki zespołów przeciążeniowych kręgosłupa.

Słowa kluczowe:
pozycja siedząca, sEMG, aktywność mięśni RA i MF, skala T1

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