Maria Kłoda, Grażyna Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka, Maria Drajczyk, Piotr Drajczyk, Janina Grzegorzewska, Edyta Smolis-Bąk

M. Kłoda, G. Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka, M. Drajczyk, P. Drajczyk, J. Grzegorzewska, E. Smolis-Bąk – Prevalence of feet defects in preschool-aged children. FP 2016;16(1);36-46

Abstract
Introduction and study aim. Childhood is known to be a very important period of life when the foot is gradually determining in order to become a strong support of the human body. The aim of the study is to assess the frequency of appearance of foot defects in preschool children.
Material and methods. The study group consisted of 143 preschool children, in which the following parts of examination were evaluated: orthopedic measurements, antropometric measurements, plantoconturographical examination and podoscopic examination. Parents were asked to fill out the questionnaire regarding to the development of their child’s feet, defects as well as their child’s habits and sports in which they participate.
Results. The analysis of Clarke’s angular indicator revealed that flat foot was the most frequent defect in the study group (146/286 feet, circa 50%), and diminished foot was the second frequent problem in the examined group of children (102/286). The normal foot was established to be present in 37 cases. There was also 1 elevated foot due to Clarke’s assessment. No statistical significance was observed between body sides and foot defects. Gender of patient was not statistically correlated to the examined children’s defects besides flat foot, which was observed to be more frequently present in males: 42 males (36%) vs 19 females (11%), p<0,05.
Conclusions. The flat foot was observed to be the most frequently present defect of foot in preschool children. On the other hand, cored foot has been demonstrated to be the most rarely present defect in the study group. Percentage of children who participate in sport activities and wear comfortable shoes in order to prevent foot defects, is unsatisfactory. Motor activity should be more efficiently promoted among parents and caregivers of preschool children.

Key words:
foot defect, angular indicator, plantoconturography

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