Abstract

Introduction. Sarcopenia, marked by a progressive decline in muscle strength and physical performance with age, is increasingly acknowledged as a critical public health concern, particularly in the context of cardiovascular diseases. While sarcopenia can manifest at any age, the condition is more commonly observed in older adults, as the natural aging process, along with various factors including inadequate nutrition, inactivity, and conditions characterized by inflammation, contribute to the progressive loss of muscle performance and power over time. Notably, the emergence of “sarcopenic obesity” has become a growing global phenomenon, characterized by a simultaneous decline in muscle quantity and functionality alongside an excess of adipose tissue, primarily visceral. This combination of factors poses a significant risk for circulatory disorders and glucose metabolism disorders, as the accumulation of visceral fat around critical organs can stimulate systemic inflammation.

Objective. Furthermore, stroke-induced sarcopenia has been recognized as a distinct condition, where the muscle wasting and disability experienced by stroke patients can have profound implications for their overall health and recovery. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the extent of sarcopenia and its association with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods. Sarcopenia is increasingly common, with research showing that approximately 50% of patients needing rehabilitation exhibit this condition. It is linked to significant negative outcomes, including impaired physical function, difficulty swallowing, malnutrition, and a lower chance of returning home.

Results. The review of recent studies highlights the growing body of findings demonstrating a link between sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk, particularly in the context of stroke.

Conclusions. Incorporating routine screening and targeted interventions for sarcopenia into clinical practice may have significant implications for improving cardiovascular health and patient outcomes.

Key words

sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease, physical inactivity, Body mass index