The effect of traditional sports on improving the physical fitness of elementary school students

Ari Iswanto, Siswantoyo, Fathan Nurcahyo, Muhammad Wahyu Arga, Susanto

Ari Iswanto, Siswantoyo, Fathan Nurcahyo, Muhammad Wahyu Arga, Susanto – The effect of traditional sports on improving the physical fitness of elementary school students –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 235-243

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF80Yj

Abstract
Introduction. Human resources are generally directed at making people who are tough, skilled, capable, enthusiastic and productive, so that they have the ability to carry out various activities in society. Aim. This study aims to: (1) find out how much influence traditional sports have on improving the physical fitness of elementary school students; and (2) knowing the more effective frequency of traditional sports training to improve physical fitness. Methods. This type of research is a quasi-experimental. Data collection techniques with tests. The instrument used is the Indonesian Physical Freshness Test (TKJI) for children aged 10-12 years to find out the increase in physical fitness of early childhood. The population in the study were all fifth grade students at SD Muhammadiyah Condong Catur Yogyakarta, totaling 160 students. The sampling technique was simple random sampling, the sample in this study were 48 students who were divided into 3 groups namely treatment group A, treatment group B and control group. Each group has 16 students consisting of 8 boys and 8 girls. The data analysis technique in this study used the ANOVA test with the initial prerequisite tests being the normality test and homogeneity test, then to see the differences in each treatment group it can be seen from the results of the simultaneous comparison analysis and the results of the average difference with the Scheffe test. Result. The results of the study seen from the results of the average level of physical fitness for the three groups there is a significant difference. Based on the Scheffe test, the results showed that the best level of physical fitness was in the treatment group A or the group that was given the traditional exercise treatment with a frequency of 4 times a week. The treatment group B had a significant increase compared to the control group which did not experience an increase. Conclusion. From this study it can be concluded that traditional sports can effectively improve the physical fitness of elementary school students. The frequency of exercise 4 times a week is more effective for improving physical fitness compared to the frequency of exercise 3 times a week.
Keywords
traditional sport, physical fitness, elementary school
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Stretching of the anterior fascial tape in women after a caesarean section

Aneta Krawczyk, Katarzyna Rosicka, Małgorzata Wójcik

Aneta Krawczyk, Katarzyna Rosicka, Małgorzata Wójcik – Stretching of the anterior fascial tape in women after a caesarean section –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 229-234

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF86hK

Abstract
Introduction. The cesarean section rate in the 21st century has significantly increased compared to the previous century. Consequences related to the existence of a scar after a cesarean section may contribute to various discomforts in the abdominal, back, or pelvic regions.
Aim of the study. The research hypothesis posited that the application of stretching therapy of the anterior fascial band has an impact on and is associated with the scar texture after a cesarean section.
Study materials and methodology. Eight women, 3-4 months postpartum, with an average age of 27.5 ± 4.17 years, participated in the study. The MyotonPro device was utilized to assess the biomechanical properties of the tissue around the scar. The women performed stretching exercises for 2 months, twice a week. One session per week was supervised by the researcher, and during the other session, participants performed the assigned exercises independently. Measurements with the MyotonPro device were repeated after 8 weeks.
Results. A strong and positive correlation was observed between: cs_2 and cs_1 r = 0.88, cs_2 and ls_1 r = 0.96, cs_2 and rs_1 r = 0.82, ls_2 and ls_1 r = 0.97, rs_2 and rs_1 r = 0.96.
Conclusions. Engaging in stretching exercises has a positive impact on improving the texture of scar tissue.
Keywords
cesarean section, stretching exercises, anterior fascial tape, MyotonPro
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Virtual reality versus balance beam on walking performance in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled comparative trial

Mohanad M. Madboly, Khaled A. Olama, Hamada E. Ayoub, Doha H. Al-Afify, Doaa Saeed, Walaa A. Abd El-Nabie

Mohanad M. Madboly, Khaled A. Olama, Hamada E. Ayoub, Doha H. Al-Afify, Doaa Saeed, Walaa A. Abd El-Nabie – Virtual reality versus balance beam on walking performance in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled comparative trial –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 222-228

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8E30

Abstract
Background. Virtual reality and balancing beam are widely acknowledged as a highly successful approach for improving balance as well as walking performance among children suffering from hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare between the impact of virtual reality and balance beam on walking performance (balance and functional walking capacity) in children with hemiplegic CP. Subjects and methods. A total of seventy-five children with hemiplegic CP, comprising 31 boys and 44 girls, aged between 7 and 11 years of both genders, were included in this study. The participants were allocated randomly into three groups (n = 25), A (control group) and B, C (study groups). All children received designed physical therapy programs based on neurodevelopmental technique, in addition to balance and gait training exercises for control group A, virtual reality training for group B and balance beam training for group C. The treatment program was administered to each group three times weekly for three consecutive months, lasting one hour each session. All children were examined clinically pre- and post-treatment using HUMAC balance and tilt system, and 6- minutes walking test (6mWT) to assess balance, walking functional capacity respectively. Results. There was a significant improvement in balance and 6MWT of three groups post treatment when contrasted with that pretreatment (p < 0.001). Furthermore, group B and C’s measured variables showed a substantial improvement over group A’s when compared (p < 0.01), while group B and C did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Virtual reality and balance beam training have an effective influence on the improvement of balance and walking performance.
Keywords
balance beam, cerebral palsy, functional walking capacity, hemiplegic, virtual reality
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Physical activity, eating behaviour, and sleep quality as predictors of Body Mass Index in adolescents? A correlational study on high school students in East Kalimantan

Nanda Alfian Mahardhika, Erwin Setyo Kriswanto, Nur Rohmah Muktiani, Jeane Betty Kurnia Jusuf, Januar Abdilah Santoso, Nur Subekti, Amri Hartanto

Nanda Alfian Mahardhika, Erwin Setyo Kriswanto, Nur Rohmah Muktiani, Jeane Betty Kurnia Jusuf, Januar Abdilah Santoso, Nur Subekti, Amri Hartanto – Physical activity, eating behaviour, and sleep quality as predictors of Body Mass Index in adolescents? A correlational study on high school students in East Kalimantan –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 216-221

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8ZsV

Abstract
Background and Study Aim. Obesity is a metabolic disease characterised by excessive fat accumulation. Indonesia ranks second after Singapore with the largest number of obese adolescents. The study aimed to assess the impact of physical activity, eating behavior, and sleep quality on Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescents.
Materials and Methods. This study was quantitative, with an ex post facto design. The study included 231 students (136 males, 95 females) aged 16-19 years, each with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25.1. Participants were healthy and consented to the study by completing a screening questionnaire. The analysis was performed using regression techniques in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 software.
Results. The selected regression model is feasible and demonstrates that physical activity, diet, and sleep quality collectively influence students’ BMI (p-value < 0.001).  Furthermore, the analysis shows that physical activity (p-value < 0.001), diet (p-value = 0.019), and sleep quality (p-value < 0.001) independently affect students’ BMI.
Conclusions. We suggest that schools need to hold counseling programs in collaboration with relevant health workers to conduct counseling with the prevention of malnutrition, especially obesity. Provide additional tasks in the form of physical activity that students must do at home with parental supervision and the results will be reported to the teacher as an additional task value. Parents should also provide supervision of eating behavior and sleep patterns. For future researchers to be able to reveal other variables that can affect student BMI, because our report found only 49.90%.
Keywords
physical activity, dietary behaviour, sleep quality, Body Mass Index
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The effect of HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic postural parameters – a case study of a patient with a blocked atlanto-occipital transition

Przemysław Malich, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasieńko, Agata Pasternak, Adrian Westfal, Helena Gronwald, Karina Kijak, Krzysztof Gronwald, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Przemysław Malich, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasieńko, Agata Pasternak, Adrian Westfal, Helena Gronwald, Karina Kijak, Krzysztof Gronwald, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The effect of HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic postural parameters – a case study of a patient with a blocked atlanto-occipital transition –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 215-225

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8t5I

Abstract
Objective. The study aimed to assess the effects of high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) manipulations on force distribution, pressures, and balance in individuals with atlanto-occipital blockage, focusing on post-treatment improvements.
Research methods. Diagnostic tests (cervical spine compression, Spurling, de Kleyn) and pedobarography (using an EPS/R2 mat and BIOMECH STUDIO software) assessed functionality and postural parameters pre and post HVLA therapy.
Results. Initial diagnosis showed significant disturbances in force distribution, balance, and gait. Post-HVLA therapy improvements included:
1. Balanced forefoot load during standing, with a decrease in heel load percentage.
2. Improved global body pressure distribution, with a notable decrease in left-side body pressure.
3. Enhanced anteroposterior and lateral body oscillation ranges, with a reduced ratio of extreme deflection distances to deflection surface and a decreased average speed of displacements.
4. Normalization of the right foot abduction angle, with no significant change in the left foot’s visitation angle.
5. Slight improvements in foot vault index (AI) and average foot pressure during gait, with minimal changes in maximum foot pressure during gait.
Conclusions. HVLA manipulation significantly improves static balance parameters but shows minimal improvement in gait parameters. This indicates a complex relationship between atlanto-occipital blockage and postural disorders, suggesting the need for further research to explore the association between postural defects and atlanto-occipital transition blockage, as well as the impact of these blockages on postural changes.
Keywords
atlanto-occipital blockage, HVLA manipulation, postural disorders, balance improvement, pedobarography
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Benefit of breath-holding training on the concept of recreational freediving in healthy adults – a systematic literature review

Muhamad Nanang Solikhin, Sumaryanti,Sulistiyono, Fauzi, Bonifacius Arbanto

Muhamad Nanang Solikhin, Sumaryanti,Sulistiyono, Fauzi, Bonifacius Arbanto – Benefit of breath-holding training on the concept of recreational freediving in healthy adults – a systematic literature review –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 199-204

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8z2j

Abstract
Background. Breathing is a crucial process that commences at the moment of birth and ceases with one’s passing. Through breathing, essential oxygen is supplied to all the body’s parts, organs, and cells, sustaining life. Some numerous breathing techniques to optimize the advantages of breath-holding exercises. Freediving training is believed to be able to increase respiratory efficiency. The exercise is done by controlling of breathing and a stable heart rate so human can hold breath for a while, dive deeper and dive safely. These techniques are also employed in the preparation and meditation of postures, enhancing the focus and clarity of the mind to maximize the benefits of the practice.
Methods. All studies were screened on an individual basis, considering a set of specific criteria and key data such as affiliation of authors, type of study, year of publication, type of breath-hold exercise benefit in healthy. The study was designed in accordance with the standards of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes).
Results. Based on the systematic review process, selected and extracted data for each article obtained, a detailed description of the researcher’s name, title, research design, respondents, strengths and research results, and research limitations are summarized.
The inclusion criteria: International Journal and Research Design include Controlled Intervention Studies, Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, Case-Control Studies, Case Series Studies, and Articles containing elements of breath hold benefit training. Quality assessment tools of the paper use NHLBI with low, and medium, assessment criteria. In this systematic review process, 230 Article collections were using Scopus, Pubmed and GS Databases with the keywords namely breath hold “AND” training “AND” benefit.. The stage continued by searching for the duplicate articles and obtained 34 out of 230 databases so that 196 articles were obtained before the screening stage. The first screening stage continued by excluding the title and abstract and obtained 160 articles from the 196 databases, so 36 articles were obtained at the screening stage. The next stage was eligibility, excluding 11 articles based on IMRAD (Introduction, Method, Result, and Discussion)is not clear, excluding 5 article Systematic Review, and excluding 6 article study reports were not included where finally meet 14 articles were evaluated for eligibility based on the title and abstract as well as the entire article excluded on inclusion and exclusion were obtained that matched the article criteria to be reviewed in this study
Conclusion.This comprehensive review highlights a number of studies exploring the relationship between breath-holding exercises and associated health benefits. These studies cover a wide range of aspects, including the impact of physical activity on freedive training, the benefits of diaphragmatic breathing on lung function, and the effectiveness of mental imagery (MI) training in improving breath-hold performance. Additionally, studies have shown significant improvements in cardiorespiratory function in individuals with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. These improvements were evidenced by positive changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory function measurements, and overall quality of life.
Keywords
breath-holding training, freediving, benefit
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The impact of nonlinear pedagogy on communication and skill acquisition

Hari Yuliarto, Pasca Tri Kaloka, Putri Prastiwi Wulandari, Hideaki Tanimoto

Hari Yuliarto, Pasca Tri Kaloka, Putri Prastiwi Wulandari, Hideaki Tanimoto – The impact of nonlinear pedagogy on communication and skill acquisition –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 192-198

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8Np0

Abstract
Study Purpose. The current investigation assessed the impact of hybrid nonlinear pedagogical models on skill acquisition and communication in physical education.
Methods. The intervention group was instructed in physical education applying hybrid pedagogical models for a duration of 12 weeks. Conversely, the control groups adhered to the physical education curricula of their respective schools. Scales for skill acquisition and communication, which had been previously developed for use with students, were implemented both prior to and subsequent to the program. Comparing the two groups required the application of paired sample t-tests, two-way and one-way analyses of variance, and a Pearson correlation analysis.
Results. In comparison to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated a substantial increase in communication and skill acquisition, according to the research findings. Enhancement of communication proficiency is observed in individuals who receive instruction through invasion game learning utilizing nonlinear pedagogy. The aforementioned conclusions are supported by the outcomes of paired sample t-tests, two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and one-way ANOVA: F < 0.05 (F = 0.000 < 0.05) and ρ < 0.05 (ρ = 0.000 < 0, 05) respectively. Additionally, the Skill Acquisition ability exhibited an improvement subsequent to receiving the intervention based on nonlinear pedagogy and invasion game learning. The significance of this is supported by the outcomes of the paired sample t-tests, two-way ANOVA, and one-way ANOVA: F < 0.05 (F = 0.000 < 0.05) and ρ < 0.05 (ρ = 0.000 < 0.05), respectively.
Conclusions. The integration of hybrid nonlinear pedagogical models into physical education instruction through invasion games may facilitate students’ communication development and skill acquisition. The results of this study provide motivation for physical education instructors to implement instructional techniques. Additionally, research is conducted into the effects of nonlinear pedagogy
Keywords
communication, skill acquisition, primary school students, nonlinear pedagogy
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Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Tamil version of the Falls-Efficacy Scale – International in Indian elderly population

Sivakumar Ramachandran, Nandini Rajan

Sivakumar Ramachandran, Nandini Rajan – Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Tamil version of the Falls-Efficacy Scale – International in Indian elderly population –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 187-191

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF86RB

Abstract
Background. Fall Efficacy Scale – International (FES-I) is a validity and reliability measure used to assess fear of fall. However, it is worth noting that FES-I is currently not available in the Tamil language. Therefore, the objective of this particular study was to cross-culturally adapt the measure into Tamil and subsequently test the validity and reliability of the translated version.
Methods. The original English version of FES-I was translated according to the protocol set by ProFaNE. The Tamil version, FES-I (T), was given to 81 elderly Tamil-speaking participants. Statistical analyses were done to compare groups based on age, gender, fear of falling, and fall history. The validity of FES-I (T) was assessed by comparing its scores with the TUG test and SPPB. The reliability of FES-I (T) was evaluated using the Intraclass correlation coefficient.
Results. The total scores obtained from FES-I (T) exhibited a positive correlation with the scores obtained from the TUG test (rs = 0.584), while displaying a negative correlation with the scores obtained from the SPPB (rs = −0.619, p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability of FES-I (T) was found to be excellent, with the Intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score recording a value of 0.99.
Conclusion. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the FES-I (T) is a valuable tool that can be effectively utilized in both clinical practice and research settings to assess fear of falling in elderly individuals who speak Tamil.
Keywords
fall efficacy, elderly, Tamil language
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The effect of contrast training in increasing taekwondo athlete’s strength and power

Drastiana Siwi Maheswari, Endang Rini Sukamti, Devi Tirtawirya

Drastiana Siwi Maheswari, Endang Rini Sukamti, Devi Tirtawirya – The effect of contrast training in increasing taekwondo athlete’s strength and power –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 182-186

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF86B8

Abstract
Purpose. This study aimed to examine the effects of contrast training on taekwondo athletes’ strength and power. Contrast training, which combines heavy and low loads in the same training session, was investigated to see if it could improve the taekwondo athletes’ performance. Material and methods. In an experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group design, 10 taekwondo athletes underwent contrast training for seven weeks. This training served as the independent variable, whereas strength and power were the dependent variables. Following that, the data were evaluated using multiple statistical tests, including Levene’s test for variance homogeneity and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for data normality. The independent samples t-test or ANOVA was also performed to compare the means of the contrast training group and the control group. Results. Athletes were placed into two groups in this experimental study: the treatment group and the control group. According to the findings of this study, contrast training has a substantial influence on boosting taekwondo athletes’ strength and power. When compared to the control group, the contrast training group had higher average strength and power (p < 0.05). The contrast training group had an average post-test strength of 6.868 while the control group had an average post-test strength of 6.766. Conclusions. This study has found that contrast training has a significant positive effect on developing taekwondo athletes’ strength. Taekwondo athletes who received contrast training had higher average strength and power than the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that contrast training is an effective strategy for enhancing taekwondo athletes’ strength and power.
Keywords
contrast training, taekwondo athlete, strength, plyometrics, weight training
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Sensory processing abilities in relation to motor capabilities in children with different types of cerebral palsy

Amal Abdelwahab Youssef, Amira Mohamed Eltohamy, Kamal Elsayed Shokry, Engi E.Sarhan, Nesma EM. Barakat

Amal Abdelwahab Youssef, Amira Mohamed Eltohamy, Kamal Elsayed Shokry, Engi E.Sarhan, Nesma EM. Barakat – Sensory processing abilities in relation to motor capabilities in children with different types of cerebral palsy –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 173-181

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF88A7

Abstract
Background and purpose. Children with cerebral palsy have sensory processing issues as well as motor problems, which lead to severe developmental disability. In this study, we aimed to assess correlation between sensory processing abilities and motor capabilities in children with cerebral palsy and assess the effect of cerebral palsy types on sensory processing abilities and motor capabilities.
Materials and methods. One hundred cerebral palsy children of both sex were included in the study; their age ranged from 4-10 years old were selected from pediatric rehabilitation out clinic of faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo University, fulfilling inclusion criteria. All children were assessed by Short sensory profile: to measure sensory processing ability, Gross Motor Function Classification System: to measure the gross motor skills and Manual Ability Classification System: to measure the fine motor skills.
Result. there was a significant correlation between GMFCS, MACS and the total score of SSP as well as Low energy weak, tactile sensitivity score, taste smell sensitivity, Movement sensitivity, and Under-responsive seeks sensation (P ≤ 0.05*). There was no significant correlations between both auditory filtering and Visual-auditory sensitivity with GMFCS and MACS (P = 0.676 and 0.266, respectively). There was statistical variation among different CP types regarding SSP and motor assessment (P ≤ 0.05*).
Conclusion. the study showed: sensory processing abilities effect on motor capabilities in children with cerebral palsy.
Keywords
sensory processing abilities, motor capabilities, cerebral palsy
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