Tag: Bharathi Ravichandran

Impact of inter pregnancy intervals on abortion rates among women in Chennai

Karthika Ramalingam, Kamalakannan M, Suriya Nedunchezhiyan, Bharathi Ravichandran, Tamilselvi S, Jenifer Augustina S, Sushil Bella Amali J

Karthika Ramalingam et al. – Impact of inter pregnancy intervals on abortion rates among women in Chennai –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(4); 237-241

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA4313VM4

Abstract
Introduction. Inter pregnancy interval (ipi) is defined as the time between a woman’s delivery of one pregnancy and the conception of her next. It is a crucial factor influencing the health of both the mother and baby during subsequent pregnancies. Despite the high rates of infant mortality in Chennai, India, there is limited research on ipi and its outcomes. This study aims to analyze the demographic profile of women who have experienced abortions, including both medical terminations and natural abortions, in Chennai.
Methodology. This hospital-based observational cohort study retrospectively examined the medical records of 200 women of childbearing age (25–29 years) who delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai between January 2017 and December 2022. The study focused on women with consecutive pregnancies spaced by an ipi of 6 to 24 months.
Results. The 200 women were divided into four groups of 50 based on their ipi. Among these, 32 women who conceived within less than 6 months reported abortions; 26 women with an ipi of 6–12 months reported abortions; 18 women with an ipi of 12–18 months reported abortions; and 10 women with an ipi of 18–24 months reported abortions. These abortion cases included both medical terminations and natural abortions.
Conclusion. The study indicates that shorter inter pregnancy intervals are associated with higher odds of adverse birth outcomes, including increased rates of abortion.
Key words
inter pregnancy interval, natural abortion, medical termination of pregnancy, maternal health, infant mortality
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Exploring the impact of active release technique combined with strengthening exercises on shoulder function and scapular position in upper cross syndrome

Sridivyadharshini S R, Kotteeswaran K, Kamalakannan M, Bharathi Krishnan K, Bharathi Ravichandran

Sridivyadharshini S R, Kotteeswaran K, Kamalakannan M, Bharathi Krishnan K, Bharathi Ravichandran – Exploring the impact of active release technique combined with strengthening exercises on shoulder function and scapular position in upper cross syndrome –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 249-254

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D191MJQ

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the active release technique combined with strengthening exercises using the SPADI to improve shoulder function and a vernier caliper to measure scapular position in upper cross syndrome. In this experimental study at SMCH, 70 participants aged 30 to 50 were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to the commencement of the study. The experimental protocol and procedures were explained to all subjects before obtaining their consent. These 70 participants were allocated into two groups using convenient sampling: the ART with strengthening group and the conventional group. Both groups received a 30-minute exercise program. The study employed standard outcome measures including the SPADI score to evaluate shoulder function and a vernier caliper to assess scapular position. The pre-test and post-test values were analysed. The results suggest that the ART with strengthening group showed significant improvement when compared with the conventional group, with p < 0.0001, indicating superior changes in scapular position and shoulder function. The active release technique group demonstrated better outcomes. According to this study, the ART with strengthening group achieved better results than the conventional group. ART with strengthening is more effective in improving shoulder function and scapular position among subjects with upper cross syndrome.
Key words
active release technique, strengthening exercises, upper cross syndrome, shoulder function, scapular position
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Comparison of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain and quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea

Yuktha N, Kamalakannan M, Bharathi Ravichandran, Tamilselvan Ravichandran, Srikanth V, Praveen Vasanthan Murugan

 

Yuktha N, Kamalakannan M, Bharathi Ravichandran, Tamilselvan Ravichandran, Srikanth V, Praveen Vasanthan Murugan – Comparison of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain and quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 43-52

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19CE53

Abstract
Background. Dysmenorrhea, characterized by painful menstrual cramps, affects a significant percentage of adolescents, leading to considerable discomfort and disruption in daily activities. It is categorized into primary dysmenorrhea, which is not associated with any underlying gynecological conditions, and secondary dysmenorrhea, which is linked to identifiable pelvic pathologies. Primary dysmenorrhea typically arises due to uterine contractions mediated by prostaglandins and can significantly impact the quality of life (QoL) for affected individuals.
Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in reducing pain and enhancing the quality of life in adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea.
Method. This twelve-week study involved 80 participants aged 18 to 25 with primary dysmenorrhea and no pelvic pathologies. The participants were divided into two groups, each receiving either TENS or TTNS. Outcome measures included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, evaluating pain and quality of life before and after the intervention.
Result. The study revealed a significant decrease in pain intensity (p < 0.0001) and improved quality of life (p < 0.0001) post-intervention, indicating the effectiveness of TENS and TTNS.
Conclusion. This study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of TENS and TTNS in managing primary dysmenorrhea symptoms. The observed improvements in pain reduction and quality of life suggest the potential of these interventions as valuable components in the management of primary dysmenorrhea.
Key words
TENS, TTNS, primary dysmenorrhea, pain reduction, quality of life
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Game based rehabilitation in treating coccydynia among multiparous postpartum women

Geethapriya Vadamalai, Senthilkumar S, Karthika Ramalingam, Kamalakannan M, Tamilselvi S, Bharathi Ravichandran, Rakesh K C

 

Geethapriya Vadamalai st al – Game based rehabilitation in treating coccydynia among multiparous postpartum women –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 421-426

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E129S4

Abstract
Background and need for the study. Coccydynia is a condition that causes pain around the tailbone. Women are five times more likely than men to develop coccydynia. The condition most often occurs during or after childbirth and pregnancy, including in lactating mothers. This research aimed to treat coccydynia in multiparous women using a game-based rehabilitative program, followed by postnatal exercises and ergonomic advice.
Methods. This study included 29 multiparous postpartum women aged 25 to 35 with a clinical diagnosis of coccydynia. Individual examinations were conducted, and demographic data were collected. The study procedure was explained, and informed consent was obtained prior to initiation. A 4-week rehabilitation program was implemented with four sessions per week, totaling 16 sessions. The sessions included gaming, pelvic rehabilitation, postnatal exercises, and ergonomic guidance. Outcome measures used to assess pain, mental health status, and pelvic floor muscle function were the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and electromyography (EMG).
Results. The median subjective scores on the NPRS and EPDS were 7 and 14 before the intervention and decreased to 2 and 7 afterward, indicating significant improvements in pain and mental health. Relaxation tone of the pelvic floor muscles also improved, as assessed using EMG.
Conclusion. Postpartum coccydynia requires targeted intervention and preventive strategies to address pain, mental health concerns, and muscle function. This study concludes that game-based rehabilitation improves pelvic floor muscle relaxation, pain, and moderate depressive symptoms in multiparous postpartum women.
Key words
pelvic floor hypertrophy, electromyography, postnatal exercises, physiotherapy intervention, lactation
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Effect of positional release technique versus suboccipital muscle inhibition technique in reducing pain intensity and improving range of motion in subjects with cervicogenic headache

Menisha A, Kamalakannan M, Bharathi Ravichandran, Tamilselvan Ravichandran, Sushil Bella Amali J, Siyam Ganesh S

 

Menisha A, Kamalakannan M, Bharathi Ravichandran, Tamilselvan Ravichandran, Sushil Bella Amali J, Siyam Ganesh S – Effect of positional release technique versus suboccipital muscle inhibition technique in reducing pain intensity and improving range of motion in subjects with cervicogenic headache –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 338-344

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E1G75C

Abstract
Background. Unilateral neck discomfort originating from the soft tissues or bony structures of the neck is a symptom of cervicogenic headache (CGH). This common headache generally starts with a shift of the neck and is chronic and recurring. It is usually accompanied by a reduction in neck range of motion (ROM). It may be confused with tension-type headache or other common headache conditions. Cervicogenic headaches are rare, chronic headaches most frequently occurring in people aged 30 to 44. According to several studies, the prevalence among headache sufferers ranges from 0.4% to 4%, depending on diagnostic criteria. It affects males and females approximately equally. This study investigates the effectiveness of the positional release technique and the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique in reducing pain and improving range of motion.
Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the positional release technique (PRT) and the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique (SMI) in reducing pain intensity and improving range of motion in subjects with cervicogenic headache (CGH).
Method. According to the criteria provided by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 50 subjects diagnosed with cervicogenic headache were included in this study. They were divided using basic random sampling into experimental and control groups. Baseline measurements were taken prior to the intervention. The experimental group received PRT and conventional exercises, while the control group received SMI and conventional exercises. Both groups were treated four times per week for six weeks. Outcome measures were taken before and after treatment using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) to assess pain and a goniometer to assess neck range of motion. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to analyze the data.
Result. The pre-test NPRS value in the positional release technique group was 2.4, and in the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique group was 3.1. The post-test ROM values in the positional release technique group were 39.2 and 37.1, and in the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique group were 35.5 and 34.4. Thus, the positional release technique demonstrated a greater statistical improvement compared to the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique.
Conclusion. Both the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique and the positional release technique are effective in reducing headache symptoms and improving ROM in subjects with cervicogenic headache. However, the positional release technique offers additional benefits in improving ROM and quality of life.
Key words
cervicogenic headache, pain reduction, positional release technique, suboccipital muscle inhibition technique
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Impact of Mitchell relaxation and stretching exercises on premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls

Karthika Ramalingam, Kamalakannan M, Karthikeyan S, Srikanth V, Suriya Nedunchezhiyan, Bharathi Ravichandran, Geetha Priya Vadamalai

Karthika Ramalingam et al. – Impact of Mitchell relaxation and stretching exercises on premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 302-305

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DB9WY

Abstract
Background. This study aims to compare the effects of Mitchell relaxation exercises and stretching exercises on adolescent girls. The study included ninety-four adolescent girls. Premenstrual syndrome is a psychological and physiological stress disorder that begins seven to ten days before the onset of menstruation and subsides afterward. Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome include headaches, breast tenderness, bloating, frequent urination, low energy, and more.
Materials and methods. Students from government higher secondary schools in the districts of Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, and Chennai participated in the study. Students aged 13–14 years who reported symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were included. All participants underwent stretching exercises and Mitchell relaxation exercises for 12 weeks. A paired t-test was applied to determine improvements following the 12-week intervention. All data were analyzed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire.
Results. Premenstrual syndrome significantly improved after 12 weeks of intervention. The results of the pre- and post-test showed that stretching and Mitchell relaxation exercises significantly reduced the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in the experimental group.
Conclusion. This study concludes that stretching and Mitchell relaxation exercises significantly improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms in adolescents.
Key words
premenstrual syndrome, stretching exercise, Mitchell relaxation exercise, premenstrual syndrome questionnaire
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Efficacy of soft tissue manipulation technique vs therapeutic exercise for an inadequate venous supply in women after pregnancy

Jenifer Augustina S, Kamalakannan M, Radhika S, Dhanusia S, Bharathi Ravichandran

Jenifer Augustina S, Kamalakannan M, Radhika S, Dhanusia S, Bharathi Ravichandran – Efficacy of soft tissue manipulation technique vs therapeutic exercise for an inadequate venous supply in women after pregnancy –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 67-70

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DZPX0

Abstract
Background. It is caused by primary problems in the vascular wall and valve structure, as well as their insufficiency. Additionally, factors such as hormonal changes, pregnancy, obesity, insufficient movement, working in a sedentary position, and oral contraceptives contribute to impaired vascular tension and structure.
Objective. This study compares the effect of soft tissue manipulation technique and therapeutic exercise on inadequate venous supply in postpartum women.
Methodology. Thirty individuals were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated into two groups receiving one of the two physiotherapy interventions. NPRS and SF-36 were used to assess the effect of the interventions by comparing venous blood flow improvement before and after the allotted treatment for 10 weeks.
Results. A significant difference in NPRS and SF-36 scores was observed in both groups, indicating the effectiveness of both myofascial release manual therapy and therapeutic exercise. However, myofascial release manual therapy proved to be more effective in improving venous blood flow.
Conclusion. This study concludes that both soft tissue manipulation and therapeutic exercise improve venous blood flow. However, soft tissue manipulation was significantly more effective than therapeutic exercise.
Keywords
physiotherapy, venous insufficiency, postpartum, manual therapy, therapeutic exercises
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Comparing the effectiveness of laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening exercises and interferential therapy in reducing postpartum low back pain

Jenifer Augustina S., Kamalakannan M, Dhanusia S, Bharathi Ravichandran

Jenifer Augustina S., Kamalakannan M, Dhanusia S, Bharathi Ravichandran – Comparing the effectiveness of laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening exercises and interferential therapy in reducing postpartum low back pain –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 432-435

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020C9HJ7

Abstract Background. Postpartum low back pain is a common discomfort reported by women, which has a multifactorial etiology. Physical therapy during and after pregnancy helps to resolve various pregnancy-related and postpartum discomforts, impacting the daily activities of the mother. Objective. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening exercises and interferential therapy in reducing postpartum low back pain. Methodology. This study involved 30 individuals selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and they were randomly allotted to two groups receiving the two physiotherapy interventions. Application of hot packs was advised to both groups. NPRS and Oswestry Disability Index were used to analyse the effect of the interventions by comparing the severity of the symptoms associated with postpartum low back pain before and after receiving the allotted treatment for 4 weeks. Results. Significant differences in NPRS and ODI were noted in both groups, indicating the efficiency of both laser therapy with exercises and IFT. However, laser therapy with exercises was more effective in reducing the pain and preventing further pain in comparison to IFT. Conclusion. The conclusion of this study states that both laser with exercises and IFT reduced the severity of pain, among which laser therapy with pelvic floor strengthening was comparatively more effective than IFT.
Key words physiotherapy, postnatal, NPRS, Oswestry disability index, strengthening exercises
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