Tag: football

Content validity and reliability of reaction speed measures for football goalkeepers

Muh. Khafid Ansori, Tomoliyus, Rumpis Agus Sudarko, Sumaryanti

Muh. Khafid Ansori, Tomoliyus, Rumpis Agus Sudarko, Sumaryanti – Content validity and reliability of reaction speed measures for football goalkeepers –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(4); 41-46

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA431P5ZO

Abstract
Reaction speed assessment plays a crucial role in the success of football goalkeepers, as it involves athletes’ cognitive performance. However, existing measurement tools often rely on predetermined stimuli and manual time recording using a stopwatch, making the assessments highly predictable and less reliable. This study aimed to validate the content and reliability of a reaction speed measurement tool specifically designed for football goalkeepers.
Seven subject matter experts and twenty elite goalkeepers under the age of twenty participated in the study. Based on the results, content validity and the item-level content validity index (i-cvi) were calculated, yielding an average value of 0.834. The reliability coefficient, measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (icc), was 0.994 with p < 0.01 and a 95% confidence interval (95% ci).
These findings indicate that the reaction speed measurement tool is both valid and reliable. Furthermore, it has practical applications in talent identification, training outcome monitoring, injury risk assessment, rehabilitation tracking, fatigue evaluation, neurological screening, and cognitive function assessment—especially for football goalkeepers.
Key words
validity, reliability, reaction speed, goalkeeper, football
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Development of a mobile learning application for football circuit training: enhancing independent skills training in Elite Pro Academy

Fahrial Amiq, Prayogi Dwina Angga, Imam Hariadi, Prisca Widiawati

 

Fahrial Amiq, Prayogi Dwina Angga, Imam Hariadi, Prisca Widiawati – Development of a mobile learning application for football circuit training: enhancing independent skills training in Elite Pro Academy –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 413-420

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E17HS0

Abstract
This study aims to develop a circuit training-based mobile learning application to improve students’ physical and technical skills at Elite Pro Academy (EPA). The study uses the Lee and Owens model, including five stages: assessment (needs and initial analysis), design (planning), development (product development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation). Validation tests were conducted by two material experts and two media experts, with each aspect obtaining a “very good” percentage above 91%. The application prototype was tested on ten students in a small group trial and fifty in a large group trial. The trial results showed that the aspects of ease of use, clarity of material, aesthetics, and instructional quality of the application were rated “very good”, with a percentage above 88% in all groups. This application supports learning flexibility through offline features and video resolution settings, making it easy for students to access materials anytime. Its implementation has been shown to increase student independence in training and provide clear instructions through interactive features. The conclusion of this study shows that the circuit training-based mobile learning application is practical in supporting independent learning at EPA and has the potential to be adopted more widely in other football academies.
Key words
football, circuit training, technology, application
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The effects of repeated sprint training on body composition and certain biomotor abilities in U-15 male football players

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Serkan Kızılca

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Serkan Kızılca – The effects of repeated sprint training on body composition and certain biomotor abilities in U-15 male football players –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 341-348

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DLIQA

Abstract
The aim of the study. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a four-week repeated sprint training program on body composition parameters, speed, strength, jumping ability, agility, and endurance in U-15 male football players.
Materials and methods. The study was designed using a pre-test post-test controlled experimental research model, one of the quantitative research methods. A total of 22 male football players participated in the study. The participants underwent four weeks of regular football training, and the experimental group also performed a repeated sprint training program three times per week. Before and after the training period, the participants underwent pre-test and post-test assessments, including the 30m sprint, back strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), Illinois agility, and Yo-Yo 1 tests. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent sample         t-tests were used for the analysis of normally distributed data between independent groups, while paired sample t-tests were used for dependent groups.
Results. According to the findings of the study, significant differences in favor of the post-test were found in the experimental group for the 30m sprint (t = 2.747; p = 0.021), back strength (t = −3.560; p = 0.005), CMJ (t = −3.788; p = 0.004), Illinois agility (t = 8.173; p = 0.000), and Yo-Yo 1 (t = −3.370; p = 0.007) tests. However, no significant differences were found between pre-test and post-test values for body composition parameters (p > 0.05).
Conclusion. In conclusion, the four-week repeated sprint training program positively affected speed, strength, jumping ability, agility, and endurance performance in U-15 male football players.
Key words
football, body composition, repeated sprint training, biomotor abilities
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The impact of small-sided games on football players’ responsiveness and performance. A systematic review

Mochamad Ridwan, Marisca Wahyu Anita, Farruh Ahmedov

Mochamad Ridwan, Marisca Wahyu Anita, Farruh Ahmedov – The impact of small-sided games on football players’ responsiveness and performance. A systematic review –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 262-267

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DRN7A

Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of small-sided games (SSGs) on the responsiveness and performance of football players through a systematic review. SSGs are a training method commonly used in football to simulate real-game situations on a smaller scale, with fewer players and a limited area. This article evaluates the effects of SSGs on the physical, technical, and tactical aspects of football through a comprehensive literature analysis of various studies published in scientific journals. The review method includes electronic database searches, study selection based on strict inclusion criteria, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of relevant findings. The review results indicate that SSGs have a significant positive impact on enhancing player responsiveness, including quick reactions, decision-making, and adaptation to dynamic game situations. Additionally, SSGs have been shown to improve various physical performance parameters such as speed, endurance, strength, and agility, which are critical components for success in football. The findings also reveal that SSGs contribute to the development of tactical awareness, allowing players to better understand positioning, spacing, and team coordination during matches. These aspects are crucial for the overall performance of a football team and individual players. The versatility of SSGs in targeting multiple performance dimensions makes them a valuable training tool. However, further research is needed to explore specific variables that influence the effectiveness of SSGs, such as duration, intensity, and frequency of play, as well as their impact on different age groups and skill levels. Therefore, this article provides important contributions for coaches, researchers, and practitioners in understanding and utilizing SSGs as an innovative training tool in football. By addressing these variables in future studies, it will be possible to tailor SSGs more precisely to meet the specific needs of different player populations, thereby maximizing the benefits of this training approach.
Key words
small-sided game, football, responsiveness, player performance, systematic review
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Effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players on improving their anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software

Praveenkumar R., Kamalakannan M., Hariharan J., Priyadarshini Babu Rajendra Prasad, Lalith Kumar R., Hajira Husna

 

Praveenkumar R. et al – Effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players on improving their anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 19-26

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DMFP7

Abstract
Introduction. Football players of all ages frequently experience knee pain, which may result from unexpected injuries such as sprains, strains, or contusions. A primary risk factor for knee pain is knee injury. A progressive jump training and core neuromuscular training program with short session durations and program lengths can provide similar benefits for landing skills and functional performance as longer-term, mixed-content training programs.
Aim of the study. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players in improving anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software.
Materials and methods. A study was conducted among football players aged 18 to 25 years who reported anterior knee pain, increased knee valgus, and performance deficits. All participants underwent a jump training program combined with core neuromuscular training and hip posterolateral strengthening exercises for four weeks.
Results. The post-intervention Kujala scale values for the experimental and control groups were 89.36 and 67.60, respectively. The mean post-test values for the cross-over hop test for the experimental and control groups were as follows: for males, the right side measured 265.38 and 209.85, while the left side measured 255.42 and 197.62. For females, the right side measured 223.00 and 208.08, while the left side measured 226.18 and 202.15. The mean post-test values for knee valgus in the experimental and control groups were 8.38 and 7.46 for males and 11.08 and 8.83 for females.
Conclusion. This study concludes that jump training combined with core neuromuscular training significantly improves functional performance and reduces anterior knee pain and knee valgus in football players.
Key words
football, knee valgus, anterior knee pain, functional performance, jump training, core neuromuscular training
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Mapping the journey: developmental issues of U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia through the lens of sport psychology

Amin Akbar, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Jaffry Zakaria, Xiao Wei Feng, Girli Ron Mahayunan, Firunika Intan Cahyani, M Arinal Rahman

 

Amin Akbar, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Jaffry Zakaria, Xiao Wei Feng, Girli Ron Mahayunan, Firunika Intan Cahyani, M Arinal Rahman – Mapping the journey: developmental issues of U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia through the lens of sport psychology –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 274-277

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AL7Q

Abstract:
Introduction. Football players under the age of 17 have the potential to become senior-level football players in the future; thus, it is essential to prepare them as well as possible and address various issues that may hinder their development. This research aims to examine the challenges Indonesian and Malaysian U17 football players face on their development path.
Material and Methods. This study employs qualitative methods with a grounded theory approach. Twenty-five youth coaches and four parents with a minimum of five years of football coaching experience were surveyed in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data was collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis.
Results. Three main issues were identified: (1) coach abilities, (2) facility issues (physical and social), and (3) ideological transformations related to football revolution and political interference in the development of Indonesian and Malaysian football players.
Conclusions. It is recommended that organizations like the Indonesian and Malaysian Football Associations address these issues to optimize the development of young players.

Keywords:
football, issue, Indonesia, Malaysia, U17 football players, sport, psychology

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Differences between circuit training using a ball and not using a ball on increasing power, strength, and cardiovascular endurance in football athletes

Fahrial Amiq, Hari Setijono, Nurhasan, Sendy Mohamad Anugrah

 

Fahrial Amiq, Hari Setijono, Nurhasan, Sendy Mohamad Anugrah – Differences between circuit training using a ball and not using a ball on increasing power, strength, and cardiovascular endurance in football athletes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 105-113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AVLR

Abstract
This research focuses on finding out the differences in the effect of providing circuit training using a ball and not using a ball on the physical components of athletes in football clubs. This research uses a pretest-posttest comparison group research design. The subjects of this research were PORMA FC football players who were divided into 2 groups with different treatments. The data collection technique uses test and measurement techniques for each variable consisting of a. Digital Jump Meter; b. Leg Dynamometer; and c. MFT. The results of research based on data processing using SPSS 26 show that all variables obtained the sig. values of < 0.05, which means that circuit training using a ball and not using a ball has an effect on the process of improving each component of physical condition but is different for each component. Apart from that, the discussion regarding the differences in the effect of circuit training using a ball and not using a ball obtained equal variance assumed with the Sig value for Power 0.743, Strength 0.455, and VO2Max 0.001. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between circuit training using a ball and circuit training without a ball on cardiovascular endurance. However, there were no significant differences in the physical condition components of power and strength.

Keywords:
football, circuit training, power, strength, cardiovascular endurance

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Goal orientation patterns and preferred coaching leadership styles among football players of District Training Centre in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang, Malaysia

Fakrul Hazely Ismail, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Mohd Faridz Ahmad, Noor Izwan Nasir

Fakrul Hazely Ismail, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Mohd Faridz Ahmad, Noor Izwan Nasir – Goal orientation patterns and preferred coaching leadership styles among football players of District Training Centre in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang, Malaysia – Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(2); 129-135

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG5608N9F

Abstract
Introduction. Coaching is an interactive process wherein coaches make decisions by considering multiple dynamic elements. The prioritisation of leadership style plays a crucial role in the establishment of a team organisation and the subsequent attainment of goals. Leadership is characterised by its role as a process, exerting influence, fostering teamwork, and facilitating the formulation of goals. The Study Aims. This study examines the goal orientation patterns and preferred coaching leadership styles among District Training Center football players in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang. Material and Method. This study involved 35 football players from District Training Centre in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang, were selected by simple random sampling as respondents. The age of respondents are between 13 to 16 years old. The Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) questionnaires were used as research instruments. Descriptive analysis was used to measure goal orientation and leadership styles. In contrast, t-test inference analysis and ANOVA tests were used to measure the differences in goal orientation and coaching leadership styles in age and experience. Results. The results showed that the level of goal orientation of football players was at a high average level for task orientation, while ego orientation was at a moderate level. The t-test and ANOVA test results showed that age and experience factors did not give a difference in goal orientation. As for the level of leadership style choices, the least popular leadership style was the training and instruction style which showed a low level. Age differences indicated no difference in the selection of coaching leadership styles. Still, there were differences in training and instruction democratic, social support, and positive feedback leadership styles based on the experience of football players. Conclusions. In conclusion, it is hoped that the results of this study, directly or indirectly, can help further research in the same field. Furthermore, this study can benefit football development in Malaysia, whether at the school or national level.
Keywords
coaching leadership styles, goal orientation patterns, football
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Development of a stage-based basic technique of playing soccer training model according to the 9–10 years age group for soccer school students

Pomo Warih Adi, Andri Arif Kustiawan

Pomo Warih Adi, Andri Arif Kustiawan – Development of a stage-based basic technique of playing soccer training model according to the 9–10 years age group for soccer school students – Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(2); 124-128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG56081VM

Abstract
Introduction. The development of sports to achieve achievements begins with participation from childhood to adulthood which is regulated by government policy. Participation in sports and physical activity covers a wide range of contexts including prioritizing children’s freedom of play to modifying sports to suit children’s needs. In improving performance, coaching and development of sportsmen/athletes is needed. Training is the most important process to improve performance. A good training process must meet the indicators of the success of the training program, namely increasing training results, motivating the training process, increasing retention of the material or training content (retention), and encouraging students to apply the knowledge and skills learned. Purpose. this study was to test the product effectiveness of the developed basic technique training model for playing soccer based on stages according to the 9–10 year old group. Methods. The research design used was a research on the development of a basic technical training model for playing football using a research and development model (Research and Development) from Borg and Gall. The basic techniques used are juggling, passing, dribbling, shooting, heading and throw-in. The research sample was PSB Bonansa UNS Solo students totaling 8 students on a small scale and on a large scale totaling 30 students. Then tested the validity, reliability and comparison test (effectiveness test). Results. The results showed that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05 which means there is a significant difference between before and after treatment in the 9–10 year age group. And it can be stated that there is an increase in skills in playing football in the age group of 9–10 years after being given training in the basic techniques of playing football based on stages. Conclusion. The basic technique of playing soccer based on stages is effective for use in improving soccer playing skills according to the characteristics of children aged 9–10 years.
Keywords
basic technical training, age 9–10 years, football
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Development of a physical education learning model football game materials based on cooperative learning to increase student motivation and cooperation

Galih Pamungkas, Sumaryanto, Komarudin, Faza Annasai

 

Galih Pamungkas, Sumaryanto, Komarudin, Faza Annas – Development of a physical education learning model football game materials based on cooperative learning to increase student motivation and cooperation –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 23-30

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8900

Abstract
Aim. (1) This study aims to test the production of a physical education learning model based on cooperative learning, designed to increase motivation and cooperation among high school students (2) Producing the feasibility of implementing a cooperative learning-based physical education learning model to increase motivation and cooperation for high school students (3) Produce practical implementation of a practical physical education learning model based on cooperative learning to increase motivation and cooperation for high school students.
Material dan methods. This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) model. This research procedure uses the ADDIE development model. The population in the study was class X SMA N 1 Seyegan with a sample size of 16 students.
Results. (1) Based on research, the average learning outcome for the development of the first meeting was 44,125 and at the second meeting was 64,875. Sig value (2-tailed) is.000. Due to the sig value..000 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a significant improvement between the first and second meetings. (2) Based on research, it shows that the average learning outcome at the second meeting was 64.870 and at the third meeting was 81.125, Sig. (2-tailed) of.001. Due to the significance value 0.001 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected and Ha cannot be rejected. So it can be concluded that at the second and third meetings there was a significant improvement (3) Based on research, it shows that the average learning outcome for the development of the first meeting was 44.125 and the third meeting was 81.125, the value of significance (2-tailed) of 0.000. Due to the significance value. 000 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected and Ha cannot be rejected. So it can be concluded that from the first meeting to the third meeting there was a significant improvement.
Conclusions. Research on the development of a model for the development of a physical education learning model with cooperative learning-based football game material to increase high school students’ motivation and cooperation which has been prepared and is suitable for use. The development of a physical education learning model with cooperative learning-based soccer game material to increase high school students’ motivation and cooperation has proven effective.
Keywords
learning model, physical education, cooperative learning, football
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