Developing and validating the exercise protocol in early intervention treatment programs for early-term babies

K.C. Gayathri, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Yasmeen imtiaz, Hari babu, Mohamed Nainar A, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi, Ahlam Mazi, Reem Alyoubi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Mashael Abdullah Almadhi

K.C. Gayathri et al. – Developing and validating the exercise protocol in early intervention treatment programs for early-term babies –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 265-268

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E1242V

Abstract
Background. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new exercise protocol for early intervention programs using VA cues and TVP stimulation for early-term babies. This includes evaluating the protocol and supporting its implementation in early intervention through expert content validation.
Methods. A five-point Likert scale was used to validate 10 online questions with the input of 15 experts. Reliability was tested in 30 babies aged between 3 and 6 months. A key challenge was to create a psychometrically reliable, practical, and efficient questionnaire for both clinical and research applications. This article outlines the guidelines used for the development and validation process, with a particular emphasis on developmental milestones. Various statistical techniques were employed to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and ensure its psychometric quality. The exercise protocol was specifically designed for use with early-term babies.
Results. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.883, indicating an excellent level of internal consistency among the scale items.
Conclusion. Based on the Cronbach’s alpha analysis, the developed exercise protocol is effective in reducing the risk of future developmental delays.
Key words
early intervention, VA cues, TVP stimulation, exercise validation, early-term babies
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Cascading effects of VA cues and TVP stimulation on gross motor development in early-term babies with developmental delay

Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, K.C.Gayathri, K.Kamatchi, Hari babu, Mohamed Nainar A, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi, Ahlam Mazi,Reem Alyoubi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh

 

Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian et al. – Cascading effects of VA cues and TVP stimulation on gross motor development in early-term babies with developmental delay –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 186-191

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E19UE6

Abstract
Aim. To analyze the outcome of VA cues and TVP stimulation on the development of gross motor milestones in early-term babies with developmental delays.
Method. One hundred and ten participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. A 12-week VA cues exercise program was implemented to assess the effects of early intervention on delayed milestones. This single-blinded study, with a blinded assessor, utilized the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and involved 12 weeks of early intervention therapy, with each session lasting 60 minutes.
Results. Following early intervention, the risk of developmental delay showed significant improvement. Milestone categorization was assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and during follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12 months. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference, with a mean score of 3.00 ± 1.00 at pre-test, 6.95 ± 0.95 at post-test, and 7.00 ± 0.35 at final follow-up.
Conclusion. VA cues and TVP stimulation, which involve family empowerment, can assist clinicians and researchers in tailoring health promotion interventions to the specific needs of early-term children with developmental delays.
Key words
early intervention, motor development, early term baby, Bayley scale
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Effectiveness of dynamic cupping therapy versus IASTM with eccentric training for shin splint syndrome among football players

Tamil Ponni S, Srivatsan M, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Surya Vishnuram, Ramya S, Mohammed Atallah F Almutairi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Naseem Alyahyawi, Fadwa Alhalaiqa

Tamil Ponni S et al. – Effectiveness of dynamic cupping therapy versus IASTM with eccentric training for shin splint syndrome among football players –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 114-118

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CD2WT

Abstract Background. Shin splints result from repetitive stress on the shin bone, causing strain in the muscles and connective tissues of the lower leg. Among athletes, females (55.3%) experience shin splints more frequently than males (44.7%). Dynamic cupping combines negative pressure, massage movements, and joint motions, while instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) involves repeated strokes to stimulate muscles, tendons, and fascia. Eccentric exercises enhance muscle activation through lengthening. Purpose. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dynamic cupping therapy with eccentric exercise and IASTM with eccentric exercise in managing shin splints among football players. Method. Forty football players were divided into two groups: Group A (dynamic cupping + eccentric exercise) and Group B (IASTM + eccentric exercise). Pain (VAS), medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) questionnaire, and range of motion (ROM) were assessed weekly to evaluate outcomes. Results. Dynamic cupping therapy with eccentric training showed significant improvements in pain reduction and ROM compared to IASTM with eccentric training. Conclusion. Dynamic cupping therapy combined with eccentric exercise was more effective than IASTM with eccentric exercise in treating shin splints in football players.
Key words shin splint, cupping therapy, soft tissue mobilization, eccentric exercises, soccer players, range of motion
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Effectiveness of shoulder kinesio taping and conventional exercises on Fugl-Meyer assessment scale and Rivermead mobility scale in sub-acute hemiplegic subjects with shoulder subluxation: A single group pre-post design

Venkatesan Ramakrishnan, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Kavitha Selvarj, Albin Jerome, Kavitha Ramanathan, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi, Saad Suleman Alfawaz, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh

 

Venkatesan Ramakrishnan et al. – Effectiveness of shoulder kinesio taping and conventional exercises on Fugl-Meyer assessment scale and Rivermead mobility scale in sub-acute hemiplegic subjects with shoulder subluxation: A single group pre-post design –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 317-323

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020A7QB

Abstract:
Background. Most hemiplegic patients develop subluxation in the acute stage of stroke. Despite various prevention strategies, over 80% of stroke survivors experience shoulder subluxation, affecting gait, balance, and mobility. This study evaluated the impact of shoulder kinesio taping and conventional exercises on upper limb function and mobility in sub-acute hemiplegic patients with shoulder subluxation.
Methods. Thirty-three stroke patients (post-stroke duration: 45.42 ± 2.90 days) participated. Kinesio tape was applied twice a week, while conventional exercises were performed five days a week, over eight weeks. The Fugl-Meyer assessment and Rivermead mobility scale were used to measure outcomes.
Results. The intervention significantly improved upper limb function and mobility, with notable changes in Fugl-Meyer and Rivermead scores (p < 0.00001).
Conclusion. Combining kinesio taping and conventional exercises improved upper limb function and mobility in sub-acute hemiplegic patients with shoulder subluxation.

Keywords:
shoulder kinesio taping, conventional exercises, sub-acute hemiplegic subjects, upper limb functions, functional mobility

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