Tag: Kamalakannan.M

Effectiveness of lumbopelvic hip-core stabilisation exercises versus conventional strengthening exercises on electromyographic analysis of vastus medialis oblique activation in knee osteoarthritis

Nevatha S, Kotteeswaran K, Kamalakannan M, Priyadarshini Babu Rajendra Prasad, Hariharan J, Josyula Snigdha

 

Nevatha S, Kotteeswaran K, Kamalakannan M, Priyadarshini Babu Rajendra Prasad, Hariharan J, Josyula Snigdha – Effectiveness of lumbopelvic hip-core stabilisation exercises versus conventional strengthening exercises on electromyographic analysis of vastus medialis oblique activation in knee osteoarthritis –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 23-27

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19CE52

Abstract
Introduction. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating condition, particularly affecting the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. Exercise therapy, including muscle strengthening, is a primary conservative treatment for managing OA symptoms. The vastus medialis oblique (VMO) plays a crucial role in patellar stability, and its dysfunction is frequently associated with knee OA, contributing to altered joint mechanics and increased pain. Lumbopelvic hip-core exercises focus on improving control of trunk and pelvic movements, which may influence lower limb alignment and reduce knee joint load. Conventional quadriceps strengthening exercises primarily target the knee extensors, with an emphasis on enhancing VMO function.
Aim. The aim of the study was to determine which exercise approach is more effective in enhancing VMO activation, improving knee stability, and optimizing rehabilitation outcomes.
Materials and methods. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 104 individuals diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were recruited from Saveetha Hospital. Each group completed five exercise sessions per week over a four-week period. Electromyographic (EMG) analysis was used to assess muscle activation patterns and determine which intervention more effectively enhanced VMO activation.
Results. The post-test mean value for the experimental group was 60.29, while the control group had a mean of 48.15 (p < 0.0001). This indicated a statistically significant difference between the experimental and conventional exercise groups.
Conclusion. This study concludes that lumbopelvic hip-core stabilisation exercises are more effective than conventional quadriceps strengthening exercises in enhancing VMO activation, improving knee stability, and supporting rehabilitation in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Key words
knee osteoarthritis, vastus medialis oblique, lumbopelvic hip-core stabilisation, conventional strengthening, surface EMG

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Effectiveness of lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening in recreational footballers. A comparative study

Kaviyarasan P, Sarvan kumar J, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Priyadarshini Babu, Priyanga Seemathan, Priyadharshini V, Thiagarajan D

Kaviyarasan P et al. – Effectiveness of lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening in recreational footballers. A comparative study –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 439-447

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007D9BZJ

Abstract
Introduction. The study investigates the effectiveness of lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening exercises versus conventional exercises among recreational football players. Enhancing endurance and agility is critical for performance in football, making it essential to identify optimal training methods.
Aim of the study. To evaluate and compare the effects of lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening and conventional exercise on endurance and agility in recreational football players.
Materials and methods. This experimental study involved 56 recreational football players selected from Saveetha University using convenient sampling. Participants were randomized into two groups:
1. Lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening group. Engaged in targeted exercises (lunges with dumbbells, reverse Nordic curls, dumbbell squat thrusts, agility T-drills, and single-leg box jumps) for 5 days a week over 6 weeks.
2. Conventional exercise group. Performed traditional exercises (squats, lunges, calf raises, step-ups, and crunches) under the same schedule.
Each group underwent a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down. Outcome measures included the 30 Seconds Endurance Jump Test and the Agility T Test, which were assessed post-intervention.
Results. The results indicated that the conventional group’s post-test mean endurance was 38.71, while the antigravity muscle strengthening group achieved 42.68. For agility, the conventional group scored 11.8282, compared to 10.64957 for the antigravity group. Both interventions showed significant improvements with p-values less than 0.0001.
Conclusion. Both training methods led to positive enhancements in endurance and agility, with the lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening group demonstrating superior results. This suggests that integrating both training styles may optimize performance for recreational football players.
Key words
lower limb antigravity muscle strengthening, endurance, conventional exercise, agility
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Enhancing recovery: the impact of foam roller-assisted stabilization exercises on low back pain — a comparative analysis with conventional therapies

Revanth M, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Priyadharshini V, Dinesh S, Priyanga Seemathan, Praveenkumar R

 

Revanth M et al. – Enhancing recovery: the impact of foam roller-assisted stabilization exercises on low back pain — a comparative analysis with conventional therapies –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 369-375

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DLGP0

Abstract
Background. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions affecting individuals worldwide, often resulting in significant disability and reduced quality of life. As the leading cause of years lost to disability globally, the burden of LBP continues to rise alongside an aging and expanding population. Regular exercise plays a pivotal role in alleviating LBP by enhancing spinal muscle strength, improving flexibility, and optimizing posture. Interferential therapy (IFT), a transcutaneous electrical stimulation modality utilizing medium-frequency currents, is a well-established intervention for musculoskeletal disorders. This study evaluates the effectiveness of stabilization exercises using a foam roller in comparison to conventional exercise in individuals with LBP.
Methods. A total of 82 participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups: a stabilization exercise group (n = 41) and a conventional exercise group (n = 41). Both groups received IFT alongside their respective exercise protocols. Each intervention session lasted 30 minutes and was administered five times per week for three weeks.
Results. Post-intervention assessments using the Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODQ) revealed a mean score of 18.8 in the stabilization exercise group compared to 22.93 in the conventional exercise group, with a statistically significant p-value of < 0.0001. These findings demonstrate a superior reduction in pain and disability in the stabilization exercise group.
Conclusion. Stabilization exercises incorporating a foam roller provide enhanced therapeutic benefits for individuals with LBP compared to conventional exercises. The foam roller introduces an unstable surface, challenging participants and promoting greater core activation and postural control.
Key words
foam roller, low back pain, stabilization exercise, interferential therapy (IFT), Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODQ)
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Impact of Mitchell relaxation and stretching exercises on premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls

Karthika Ramalingam, Kamalakannan M, Karthikeyan S, Srikanth V, Suriya Nedunchezhiyan, Bharathi Ravichandran, Geetha Priya Vadamalai

Karthika Ramalingam et al. – Impact of Mitchell relaxation and stretching exercises on premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 302-305

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DB9WY

Abstract
Background. This study aims to compare the effects of Mitchell relaxation exercises and stretching exercises on adolescent girls. The study included ninety-four adolescent girls. Premenstrual syndrome is a psychological and physiological stress disorder that begins seven to ten days before the onset of menstruation and subsides afterward. Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome include headaches, breast tenderness, bloating, frequent urination, low energy, and more.
Materials and methods. Students from government higher secondary schools in the districts of Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, and Chennai participated in the study. Students aged 13–14 years who reported symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were included. All participants underwent stretching exercises and Mitchell relaxation exercises for 12 weeks. A paired t-test was applied to determine improvements following the 12-week intervention. All data were analyzed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire.
Results. Premenstrual syndrome significantly improved after 12 weeks of intervention. The results of the pre- and post-test showed that stretching and Mitchell relaxation exercises significantly reduced the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in the experimental group.
Conclusion. This study concludes that stretching and Mitchell relaxation exercises significantly improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms in adolescents.
Key words
premenstrual syndrome, stretching exercise, Mitchell relaxation exercise, premenstrual syndrome questionnaire
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Comparative efficacy of mobilization vs. stabilization exercises combined with TENS therapy and pelvic floor muscle training in managing pelvic girdle pain

Nithyadarshini Nadar, Suriya Nedunchezhiyan, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Snigdha Josyula, Priyanga Seemathan, Rajashri R

Nithyadarshini Nadar et al. – Comparative efficacy of mobilization vs. stabilization exercises combined with TENS therapy and pelvic floor muscle training in managing pelvic girdle pain –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 238-241

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DHXNY

Abstract
Background. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, particularly during and after pregnancy, often requiring tailored therapeutic interventions. Despite various treatment options, the comparative effectiveness of different multimodal approaches remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the impact of mobilization exercises combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy and pelvic floor muscle training versus stabilization exercises paired with the same adjunct therapies.
Objective. To compare the effectiveness of these two intervention strategies in reducing pain, improving functional mobility and pelvic stability, and enhancing quality of life in individuals with PGP.
Methods. Eighty patients diagnosed with PGP were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A underwent mobilization exercises, TENS therapy, and pelvic floor muscle training, while Group B engaged in stabilization exercises, TENS therapy, and pelvic floor muscle training. The six-week intervention included daily exercises and five weekly TENS therapy sessions. Outcome measures included pain severity (via Visual Analog Scale), functional mobility (Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire scores), pelvic stability, and patient-reported quality of life.
Results. Group A demonstrated a significant reduction in pain (VAS scores from 4.1 to 2.6, p < 0.001) and improved functional mobility (PGQ scores from 29.3 to 16.2, p < 0.001) compared to Group B. Patient-reported outcomes, including satisfaction, stability, and quality of life, were also significantly better in Group A. While both groups experienced improvements, mobilization exercises combined with TENS therapy and pelvic floor muscle training proved superior in overall effectiveness.
Conclusion. Mobilization exercises combined with TENS therapy and pelvic floor muscle training offer a more effective approach to managing PGP than stabilization exercises with the same adjunct therapies. This combination provides superior pain relief, functional mobility, and overall quality of life improvements, supporting its use in clinical practice.
Key words
pelvic girdle pain, pelvic floor, mobilization, stabilization, TENS therapy, quality of life
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Examining the relationship between extensor carpi radialis brevis pennation angle and grip strength. A cross-sectional study

Vivek K, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Josyula Snigdha, Praveenkumar R, Priyanga Seemathan

Vivek K, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Josyula Snigdha, Praveenkumar R, Priyanga Seemathan – Examining the relationship between extensor carpi radialis brevis pennation angle and grip strength. A cross-sectional study –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 217-221

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007D2P2D

Abstract
Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between the pennation angle of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB PA) and grip strength. Additionally, the study explored potential gender differences in ECRB PA and its association with grip strength.
Methods. A total of 155 healthy participants were recruited. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure the ECRB PA, while grip strength was assessed using a Jamar dynamometer. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between ECRB PA and grip strength.
Results. ECRB PA and common extensor tendon (CET) thickness correlated significantly with grip strength, showing gender-specific patterns. In males, ECRB PA had a moderate positive correlation with grip strength (r = 0.474), and CET thickness showed a strong correlation (r = 0.714), suggesting that both factors contribute to grip strength. In females, ECRB PA correlated moderately with grip strength (r = 0.585), while CET thickness showed a weak inverse correlation (r = –0.136). These findings suggest that CET thickness may indirectly reflect physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and influence grip strength in males, whereas ECRB PA plays a more critical role in females.
Conclusion. This cross-sectional study provides evidence of a correlation between ECRB PA and grip strength in healthy individuals. The findings suggest that individuals with a larger ECRB PA may have reduced grip strength. Furthermore, the observed gender differences in ECRB PA could partially explain variations in grip strength between males and females. Further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical populations with wrist and hand pathologies.
Keywords
ECRB, pennation angle, grip strength, ultrasound imaging, Jamar dynamometer
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Dokładność diagnostyczna i przydatność kliniczna testu podnoszenia piłki lekarskiej (MBLT) w identyfikacji zaangażowania mięśnia prostownika promieniowego krótkiego nadgarstka (ECRB) w bocznym zapaleniu nadkłykcia

Vivek K, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Priyanga Seemathan, Praveenkumar R

 

Vivek K, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Priyanga Seemathan, Praveenkumar R – Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the medicine ball lift test (MBLT) for identifying extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) involvement in lateral epicondylitis –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 192-197

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DM6NP

Abstract
Background. Lateral epicondylitis, commonly called tennis elbow, is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions caused by tendinopathy of the common extensor tendon, primarily involving the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). Although different tests, such as Cozen’s, Mill’s, and Maudsley’s tests, are frequently used, none of them help identify the ECRB, which is the principal muscle involved in LE. This diagnostic accuracy study evaluates the newly developed medicine ball lift test, targeting the ECRB specifically, and its association with traditional diagnostic tests and musculoskeletal ultrasound. The study aims to validate the MBLT and measure its sensitivity, specificity, and ability to isolate ECRB involvement in lateral epicondylitis.
Methods. A prospective validation study involving 110 patients diagnosed with LE. The MBLT was performed on all participants, supplemented with Cozen’s test, Mill’s test, and Maudsley’s test, along with ultrasonographic analysis of musculoskeletal structures, including tendon thickness, echotexture, and other pathologic features. Sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with ultrasound findings were assessed.
Results. The AUC for various tests ranged widely. Cozen’s test showed an AUC of 0.495 (p = 0.948), with a sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 80.0%. Maudsley’s test exhibited an AUC of 0.562 (p = 0.460), with a sensitivity of 91.6% and specificity of 80.0%. Musculoskeletal ultrasound measurements for ECRB involvement, particularly tendon thickness, achieved an AUC of 0.739 (p = 0.001), with a sensitivity of 87.4% and specificity of 46.7%. In contrast, other parameters, such as echogenicity (AUC = 0.360, p = 0.054) and fluid presence (AUC = 0.486, p = 0.863), showed weaker correlations with LE diagnosis.
Conclusion. The medicine ball lift test holds promise in diagnosing lateral epicondylitis with specific ECRB involvement. The strong correlation it shows with ultrasonographic findings suggests that it may serve as an adjunct to musculoskeletal ultrasonography in diagnosing LE.
Key words
lateral epicondylitis, Maudsley’s test, medicine ball lift test, Mill’s test, MBLT
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Effects of scapular function training versus plyometric training on pain and functional improvement in students with neck and shoulder pain – randomized controlled trial

Hajira Husna, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Priyanga Seemathan, Praveenkumar R

Hajira Husna, Kamalakannan M, Hariharan J, Priyanga Seemathan, Praveenkumar R
– Effects of scapular function training versus plyometric training on pain and functional improvement in students with neck and shoulder pain – randomized controlled trial –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 108-113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DOV14

Abstract
Introduction. Neck and shoulder pain is a common issue among students, often resulting from prolonged poor posture, academic workload, and inadequate ergonomic conditions. Implementing effective intervention strategies is crucial to managing this problem.
Aim. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of scapular function training and plyometric training in reducing pain and improving functionality among students experiencing neck and shoulder pain.
Materials and methods. This study randomly selected 60 individuals who reported neck and shoulder pain. The participants, aged 18–25 years and of both genders, were confirmed to be experiencing neck and shoulder discomfort. Exclusion criteria included a history of severe neck or shoulder injuries, such as cervical disc prolapse or whiplash injury, and uncooperative behavior. A total of 30 individuals were assigned to two equal groups: group A (scapular function training) and group B (plyometric training). Pain and disability outcomes were assessed using the Northwick Park Questionnaire (NPQ), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The intervention consisted of a four-week exercise program, including three sets per session, 10 repetitions per set, 20 minutes of training per session, and five sessions per week.
Results. Group A had a post-treatment mean NPRS score of 4.2, while group B had a mean score of 4.5. The post-treatment mean NPQ score for group A was 59.6, compared to 58.9 for group B. The average post-treatment SPADI score for group A was 60.24, while for group B, it was slightly lower. The findings suggest that scapular function training was effective in reducing pain and improving functional performance in individuals with neck and shoulder pain.
Conclusion. The study indicates that scapular function training is more effective than plyometric training in reducing pain and enhancing functionality among students experiencing neck and shoulder pain.
Key words
neck pain, plyometric training, scapular function training, shoulder pain
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Efficacy of soft tissue manipulation technique vs therapeutic exercise for an inadequate venous supply in women after pregnancy

Jenifer Augustina S, Kamalakannan M, Radhika S, Dhanusia S, Bharathi Ravichandran

Jenifer Augustina S, Kamalakannan M, Radhika S, Dhanusia S, Bharathi Ravichandran – Efficacy of soft tissue manipulation technique vs therapeutic exercise for an inadequate venous supply in women after pregnancy –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 67-70

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DZPX0

Abstract
Background. It is caused by primary problems in the vascular wall and valve structure, as well as their insufficiency. Additionally, factors such as hormonal changes, pregnancy, obesity, insufficient movement, working in a sedentary position, and oral contraceptives contribute to impaired vascular tension and structure.
Objective. This study compares the effect of soft tissue manipulation technique and therapeutic exercise on inadequate venous supply in postpartum women.
Methodology. Thirty individuals were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated into two groups receiving one of the two physiotherapy interventions. NPRS and SF-36 were used to assess the effect of the interventions by comparing venous blood flow improvement before and after the allotted treatment for 10 weeks.
Results. A significant difference in NPRS and SF-36 scores was observed in both groups, indicating the effectiveness of both myofascial release manual therapy and therapeutic exercise. However, myofascial release manual therapy proved to be more effective in improving venous blood flow.
Conclusion. This study concludes that both soft tissue manipulation and therapeutic exercise improve venous blood flow. However, soft tissue manipulation was significantly more effective than therapeutic exercise.
Keywords
physiotherapy, venous insufficiency, postpartum, manual therapy, therapeutic exercises
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Effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players on improving their anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software

Praveenkumar R., Kamalakannan M., Hariharan J., Priyadarshini Babu Rajendra Prasad, Lalith Kumar R., Hajira Husna

 

Praveenkumar R. et al – Effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players on improving their anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 19-26

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DMFP7

Abstract
Introduction. Football players of all ages frequently experience knee pain, which may result from unexpected injuries such as sprains, strains, or contusions. A primary risk factor for knee pain is knee injury. A progressive jump training and core neuromuscular training program with short session durations and program lengths can provide similar benefits for landing skills and functional performance as longer-term, mixed-content training programs.
Aim of the study. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players in improving anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software.
Materials and methods. A study was conducted among football players aged 18 to 25 years who reported anterior knee pain, increased knee valgus, and performance deficits. All participants underwent a jump training program combined with core neuromuscular training and hip posterolateral strengthening exercises for four weeks.
Results. The post-intervention Kujala scale values for the experimental and control groups were 89.36 and 67.60, respectively. The mean post-test values for the cross-over hop test for the experimental and control groups were as follows: for males, the right side measured 265.38 and 209.85, while the left side measured 255.42 and 197.62. For females, the right side measured 223.00 and 208.08, while the left side measured 226.18 and 202.15. The mean post-test values for knee valgus in the experimental and control groups were 8.38 and 7.46 for males and 11.08 and 8.83 for females.
Conclusion. This study concludes that jump training combined with core neuromuscular training significantly improves functional performance and reduces anterior knee pain and knee valgus in football players.
Key words
football, knee valgus, anterior knee pain, functional performance, jump training, core neuromuscular training
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