Tag: piłka nożna

Content validity and reliability of reaction speed measures for football goalkeepers

Muh. Khafid Ansori, Tomoliyus, Rumpis Agus Sudarko, Sumaryanti

Muh. Khafid Ansori, Tomoliyus, Rumpis Agus Sudarko, Sumaryanti – Content validity and reliability of reaction speed measures for football goalkeepers –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(4); 41-46

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA431P5ZO

Abstract
Reaction speed assessment plays a crucial role in the success of football goalkeepers, as it involves athletes’ cognitive performance. However, existing measurement tools often rely on predetermined stimuli and manual time recording using a stopwatch, making the assessments highly predictable and less reliable. This study aimed to validate the content and reliability of a reaction speed measurement tool specifically designed for football goalkeepers.
Seven subject matter experts and twenty elite goalkeepers under the age of twenty participated in the study. Based on the results, content validity and the item-level content validity index (i-cvi) were calculated, yielding an average value of 0.834. The reliability coefficient, measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (icc), was 0.994 with p < 0.01 and a 95% confidence interval (95% ci).
These findings indicate that the reaction speed measurement tool is both valid and reliable. Furthermore, it has practical applications in talent identification, training outcome monitoring, injury risk assessment, rehabilitation tracking, fatigue evaluation, neurological screening, and cognitive function assessment—especially for football goalkeepers.
Key words
validity, reliability, reaction speed, goalkeeper, football
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The effect of medicine ball and resistance band exercises on throw-in performance in youth soccer players

Muhammad Fatih Humam, Sumaryanto, Sulistiyono, Ariadin, Galih Pamungkas, Sunaryo

 

Muhammad Fatih Humam, Sumaryanto, Sulistiyono, Ariadin, Galih Pamungkas, Sunaryo – The effect of medicine ball and resistance band exercises on throw-in performance in youth soccer players –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 455-464

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E1RQ6F

Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine how medicine ball and resistance band exercises affected the throw-in distance of young soccer players, particularly SSB Gama FC students; (2) examine how high and low arm muscle strength affected the throw-in distance; and (3) examine how medicine ball and resistance band exercises interacted with throw-in performance.
Methods. Data from 28 soccer players selected through purposive sampling were analyzed using a 2×2 factorial design. Arm muscle strength was measured using a hand dynamometer, and throw-in distance was measured using a meter. Data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 using two-way ANOVA.
Results. The results showed a significant improvement in throw-in distance (p < 0.05) in both the medicine ball and resistance band exercise groups. In the medicine ball group, throw-in distance improved from a pretest mean of 6.66 meters to a posttest mean of 8.65 meters, indicating a gain of 1.99 meters. In the resistance band group, the improvement was from 6.38 meters to 8.87 meters, a gain of 2.49 meters. These results suggest that resistance band training was more effective than medicine ball training in improving throw-in distance. However, there was no significant difference between players with high and low arm muscle strength (p > 0.05). An interaction effect between exercise type and arm strength was observed (p < 0.05), indicating that the impact of each exercise may vary depending on the player’s muscle strength.
Conclusion. Resistance band exercises have a greater positive effect on throw-in performance than medicine ball exercises in youth soccer players, and the interaction with arm muscle strength should be considered in training programs.
Key words
medicine ball, resistance band, throw-in, arm muscle strength, soccer
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Development of a mobile learning application for football circuit training: enhancing independent skills training in Elite Pro Academy

Fahrial Amiq, Prayogi Dwina Angga, Imam Hariadi, Prisca Widiawati

 

Fahrial Amiq, Prayogi Dwina Angga, Imam Hariadi, Prisca Widiawati – Development of a mobile learning application for football circuit training: enhancing independent skills training in Elite Pro Academy –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 413-420

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E17HS0

Abstract
This study aims to develop a circuit training-based mobile learning application to improve students’ physical and technical skills at Elite Pro Academy (EPA). The study uses the Lee and Owens model, including five stages: assessment (needs and initial analysis), design (planning), development (product development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation). Validation tests were conducted by two material experts and two media experts, with each aspect obtaining a “very good” percentage above 91%. The application prototype was tested on ten students in a small group trial and fifty in a large group trial. The trial results showed that the aspects of ease of use, clarity of material, aesthetics, and instructional quality of the application were rated “very good”, with a percentage above 88% in all groups. This application supports learning flexibility through offline features and video resolution settings, making it easy for students to access materials anytime. Its implementation has been shown to increase student independence in training and provide clear instructions through interactive features. The conclusion of this study shows that the circuit training-based mobile learning application is practical in supporting independent learning at EPA and has the potential to be adopted more widely in other football academies.
Key words
football, circuit training, technology, application
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The effects of repeated sprint training on body composition and certain biomotor abilities in U-15 male football players

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Serkan Kızılca

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Serkan Kızılca – The effects of repeated sprint training on body composition and certain biomotor abilities in U-15 male football players –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 341-348

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DLIQA

Abstract
The aim of the study. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a four-week repeated sprint training program on body composition parameters, speed, strength, jumping ability, agility, and endurance in U-15 male football players.
Materials and methods. The study was designed using a pre-test post-test controlled experimental research model, one of the quantitative research methods. A total of 22 male football players participated in the study. The participants underwent four weeks of regular football training, and the experimental group also performed a repeated sprint training program three times per week. Before and after the training period, the participants underwent pre-test and post-test assessments, including the 30m sprint, back strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), Illinois agility, and Yo-Yo 1 tests. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent sample         t-tests were used for the analysis of normally distributed data between independent groups, while paired sample t-tests were used for dependent groups.
Results. According to the findings of the study, significant differences in favor of the post-test were found in the experimental group for the 30m sprint (t = 2.747; p = 0.021), back strength (t = −3.560; p = 0.005), CMJ (t = −3.788; p = 0.004), Illinois agility (t = 8.173; p = 0.000), and Yo-Yo 1 (t = −3.370; p = 0.007) tests. However, no significant differences were found between pre-test and post-test values for body composition parameters (p > 0.05).
Conclusion. In conclusion, the four-week repeated sprint training program positively affected speed, strength, jumping ability, agility, and endurance performance in U-15 male football players.
Key words
football, body composition, repeated sprint training, biomotor abilities
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The impact of small-sided games on football players’ responsiveness and performance. A systematic review

Mochamad Ridwan, Marisca Wahyu Anita, Farruh Ahmedov

Mochamad Ridwan, Marisca Wahyu Anita, Farruh Ahmedov – The impact of small-sided games on football players’ responsiveness and performance. A systematic review –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 262-267

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DRN7A

Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of small-sided games (SSGs) on the responsiveness and performance of football players through a systematic review. SSGs are a training method commonly used in football to simulate real-game situations on a smaller scale, with fewer players and a limited area. This article evaluates the effects of SSGs on the physical, technical, and tactical aspects of football through a comprehensive literature analysis of various studies published in scientific journals. The review method includes electronic database searches, study selection based on strict inclusion criteria, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of relevant findings. The review results indicate that SSGs have a significant positive impact on enhancing player responsiveness, including quick reactions, decision-making, and adaptation to dynamic game situations. Additionally, SSGs have been shown to improve various physical performance parameters such as speed, endurance, strength, and agility, which are critical components for success in football. The findings also reveal that SSGs contribute to the development of tactical awareness, allowing players to better understand positioning, spacing, and team coordination during matches. These aspects are crucial for the overall performance of a football team and individual players. The versatility of SSGs in targeting multiple performance dimensions makes them a valuable training tool. However, further research is needed to explore specific variables that influence the effectiveness of SSGs, such as duration, intensity, and frequency of play, as well as their impact on different age groups and skill levels. Therefore, this article provides important contributions for coaches, researchers, and practitioners in understanding and utilizing SSGs as an innovative training tool in football. By addressing these variables in future studies, it will be possible to tailor SSGs more precisely to meet the specific needs of different player populations, thereby maximizing the benefits of this training approach.
Key words
small-sided game, football, responsiveness, player performance, systematic review
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Effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players on improving their anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software

Praveenkumar R., Kamalakannan M., Hariharan J., Priyadarshini Babu Rajendra Prasad, Lalith Kumar R., Hajira Husna

 

Praveenkumar R. et al – Effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players on improving their anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 19-26

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DMFP7

Abstract
Introduction. Football players of all ages frequently experience knee pain, which may result from unexpected injuries such as sprains, strains, or contusions. A primary risk factor for knee pain is knee injury. A progressive jump training and core neuromuscular training program with short session durations and program lengths can provide similar benefits for landing skills and functional performance as longer-term, mixed-content training programs.
Aim of the study. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of jump training along with core neuromuscular training in football players in improving anterior knee pain, functional performance, and knee valgus using Dartfish software.
Materials and methods. A study was conducted among football players aged 18 to 25 years who reported anterior knee pain, increased knee valgus, and performance deficits. All participants underwent a jump training program combined with core neuromuscular training and hip posterolateral strengthening exercises for four weeks.
Results. The post-intervention Kujala scale values for the experimental and control groups were 89.36 and 67.60, respectively. The mean post-test values for the cross-over hop test for the experimental and control groups were as follows: for males, the right side measured 265.38 and 209.85, while the left side measured 255.42 and 197.62. For females, the right side measured 223.00 and 208.08, while the left side measured 226.18 and 202.15. The mean post-test values for knee valgus in the experimental and control groups were 8.38 and 7.46 for males and 11.08 and 8.83 for females.
Conclusion. This study concludes that jump training combined with core neuromuscular training significantly improves functional performance and reduces anterior knee pain and knee valgus in football players.
Key words
football, knee valgus, anterior knee pain, functional performance, jump training, core neuromuscular training
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Connection between emotion and motivation in football

Ardo Okilanda, A Apri Satriawan Chan, Masrun, Andi Taufan Dewantara Alsaudi, Alonzo L Mortejo, Juanda Putra, Naluri Denay

Ardo Okilanda et al. – Connection between emotion and motivation in football –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 451-455

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CV3YL

Abstract Background and objectives. Football is a popular sport with a large following. Motivation is a key factor in an athlete’s success in winning matches or achieving sports milestones. However, intense emotions and turmoil can disrupt an athlete’s performance, making motivation essential to regain focus. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between emotions and achievement motivation in football athletes. Materials and methods. This research was conducted with quantitative methods. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling, resulting in a sample of 25 male Student Activity Unit (UKM) football players aged 19–24. Results. The research concluded a negative relationship between emotions and achievement motivation in football athletes. The correlation coefficient obtained was −0.440, indicating a negative correlation. Conclusions. In other words, as boredom levels increase, achievement motivation in football athletes decreases, and conversely, lower boredom levels are associated with higher motivation.
Key words emotion, motivation, performance, football
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Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on knee joint muscle strength in adolescent soccer players. A pilot study

Marcin Taraszkiewicz, Urszula Tomaszewicz, Anna Koelmer, Rafał Studnicki

Marcin Taraszkiewicz, Urszula Tomaszewicz, Anna Koelmer, Rafał Studnicki – Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on knee joint muscle strength in adolescent soccer players. A pilot study –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(4); 207-216

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG01A8R2T9

Abstract
Objective: Given the emerging imbalances in knee stabilising muscle strength, the aim of the study was to determine whether performing a single NHE intervention would alter the isometric strength of the knee flexor muscles (HAM). Material and Methodology: A group of 56 players of a youth football team (age range 13-16 years), were recruited for a pilot study. The group involved healthy players, training football at the central junior level. After meeting the inclusion criteria inclusion, 32 players were enrolled into the study. Participants were randomly allocated to a study group (A) and a control group (B). In the study group, the intervention consisted of a single NHE exercise in the form of a two series of trunk slumps, eight repetitions each. The control group performed one series of of forward trunk bends, five repetitions each. Participants (group A and B) were tested on the ForceFrame platform before the procedure experiment and immediately after the intervention was performed. Maximum force of the knee extensors (QUAD) and knee flexors (HAM) was measured. Results: Statistical analysis of the results indicated that maximal HAM muscle strength increased after a single NHE intervention (p = 0.04) relative to the control group. At the same time, after the intervention, there was no increase in the strength of the Quadriceps muscles (extensors of the knee joint) relative to the control group. Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that a single performance of the NHE exercise has the effect of increase in the maximum isometric strength of the HAM muscles. This increase, although not statistically significant, correlated with no change in quadriceps muscle strength. The work is pilot study and further research may have benefits in maintaining the balance between the two muscle groups, i.e. HAM and QUAD, which contributes to the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries.
Key words:
NHE, muscle strength, soccer, ForceFrame, quadriceps, hamstring muscles
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Mapping the journey: developmental issues of U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia through the lens of sport psychology

Amin Akbar, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Jaffry Zakaria, Xiao Wei Feng, Girli Ron Mahayunan, Firunika Intan Cahyani, M Arinal Rahman

 

Amin Akbar, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Jaffry Zakaria, Xiao Wei Feng, Girli Ron Mahayunan, Firunika Intan Cahyani, M Arinal Rahman – Mapping the journey: developmental issues of U17 football players in Indonesia and Malaysia through the lens of sport psychology –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 274-277

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AL7Q

Abstract:
Introduction. Football players under the age of 17 have the potential to become senior-level football players in the future; thus, it is essential to prepare them as well as possible and address various issues that may hinder their development. This research aims to examine the challenges Indonesian and Malaysian U17 football players face on their development path.
Material and Methods. This study employs qualitative methods with a grounded theory approach. Twenty-five youth coaches and four parents with a minimum of five years of football coaching experience were surveyed in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data was collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis.
Results. Three main issues were identified: (1) coach abilities, (2) facility issues (physical and social), and (3) ideological transformations related to football revolution and political interference in the development of Indonesian and Malaysian football players.
Conclusions. It is recommended that organizations like the Indonesian and Malaysian Football Associations address these issues to optimize the development of young players.

Keywords:
football, issue, Indonesia, Malaysia, U17 football players, sport, psychology

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Differences between circuit training using a ball and not using a ball on increasing power, strength, and cardiovascular endurance in football athletes

Fahrial Amiq, Hari Setijono, Nurhasan, Sendy Mohamad Anugrah

 

Fahrial Amiq, Hari Setijono, Nurhasan, Sendy Mohamad Anugrah – Differences between circuit training using a ball and not using a ball on increasing power, strength, and cardiovascular endurance in football athletes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 105-113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AVLR

Abstract
This research focuses on finding out the differences in the effect of providing circuit training using a ball and not using a ball on the physical components of athletes in football clubs. This research uses a pretest-posttest comparison group research design. The subjects of this research were PORMA FC football players who were divided into 2 groups with different treatments. The data collection technique uses test and measurement techniques for each variable consisting of a. Digital Jump Meter; b. Leg Dynamometer; and c. MFT. The results of research based on data processing using SPSS 26 show that all variables obtained the sig. values of < 0.05, which means that circuit training using a ball and not using a ball has an effect on the process of improving each component of physical condition but is different for each component. Apart from that, the discussion regarding the differences in the effect of circuit training using a ball and not using a ball obtained equal variance assumed with the Sig value for Power 0.743, Strength 0.455, and VO2Max 0.001. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between circuit training using a ball and circuit training without a ball on cardiovascular endurance. However, there were no significant differences in the physical condition components of power and strength.

Keywords:
football, circuit training, power, strength, cardiovascular endurance

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