Disturbances of pelvic control in sitting and while assuming a sitting position as a manifestation of postural hypotonia in pre-school children

Małgorzata Matyja, Edward Saulicz, Mirosław Kokosz, Marta Syryjczyk

Małgorzata Matyja, Edward Saulicz, Mirosław Kokosz, Marta Syryjczyk – Disturbances of pelvic control in sitting and while assuming a sitting position as a manifestation of postural hypotonia in pre-school children. Fizjoterapia Polska 2004; 4(1); 31-39

Abstract

Background. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the connection between the pelvis in sitting position and posture in standing position, as well as the manner of changing from supine position to sitting position. Material and methods. We examined 37 six-year-old boys and girls. Posture was assessed according to Hoppe’s modified scale of posture measurement. The manner of maintaining upright sitting position and changing from supine position to sitting position was also examined. The angle of pelvic back tilt in sitting position was examined by means a Rippstein plurimeter. Statistical analysis was based on the Spearman test, the Manova-Anova test, and the Tukey test, taking p < 0.05 as the critical level. Results. There is a clear connection between the way a young child maintains sitting position and both pelvic back tilt and the quality of posture (in both cases r = 0.67, p < 0.001). We also found a smaller but equally important connection between the way of changing from supine to upright sitting position (r = 0,44 p < 0,01) and the other parameters. Conclusions. The evaluation of pelvic control in sitting position and in the course of sitting up is a good technique for the diagnosis of postural tone in young children.

Key words:
the body posture, defects of posture, postural hipotone, the pelvis control
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Shaping the asymmetry of trunk in younger children

Katarzyna Barczyk, Tadeusz Skolimowski, Arletta Hawrylak

Katarzyna Barczyk, Tadeusz Skolimowski, Arletta Hawrylak – Shaping the asymmetry of trunk in younger children. Fizjoterapia Polska 2004; 4(3); 203-208

Abstract

Background. Her symmetry is in frontal area the basic criterion of opinion of attitude body. Have the same name osseous points in this plane should to be arranged in relation to axis of spine symmetrically and to be on equal height, and teenagers’ line spinous of spine should make up right line. Above mentioned conditions happen fulfilled seldom, because at man symmetry never is full. This results mainly with asymmetric position of internal organs, the environmental influences whether the only process of lateralisation. Material and methods. It triple investigations were hugged was 298 – personal group the same children. The computer set to analysis of size of asymmetry was applied to of opinion of attitude body using the phenomenon of projection moire thopography. Results. Asymmetries in frontal area at studied boys and girls be shaped similarly and stepped out in both groups in considerable percentage. Absolute differences in position of have the same name osseous points concerned distances from teen-agers’ line the bottom executioners of shoulder-blades the line spinous, height of triangles of waist as well as position basin in frontal area, however the most seldom both children’s groups asymmetries concerned in frontal area the depression angle. It it was showed was moreover that the asymmetries undergo decrease between 7 and 8 year of life and renewed enlargement between 8 and 9 year of life. The statistical also between years analysis show on similarity be shaping to asymmetry of trunk at boys and girls. Conclusions. 1.Frequency of occurrence in grounds of trunk the asymmetry changed along with the age the studied children. She be shaped in dependence from side of body differently. 2.More often considerable asymmetry was affirmed was at 7 year old children’s and 9 years old children’s, more seldom at 8 years old children’s. They asymmetries these in this lid belonged to reasonable.

Key words:
body of posture, trunck asymmetry, photogramometric method, children
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Hearing dysfunctions and body posture’s asymmetry

Małgorzata Grabara

Małgorzata Grabara – Hearing dysfunctions and body posture’s asymmetry. Fizjoterapia Polska 2006; 6(2); 121-125

Abstract

Background. Hearing dysfunction can have a negative effect on body posture. The physical and motor development in deaf and partially hearing children can also be different then their contemporaries. This can influence on process of posture’s genesis. The aim of the study was to estimate and compare body posture’s asymmetries in deaf and partially hearing with a normal group of children between the ages of 8- to 13- years. Material and methods. The experimental group consisted of 63 girls and 90 boys with hearing dysfunction. The control group included 162 girls and 140 boys from primary schools of Silesia. Body posture examinations were based on Moire’s technique and then were given points for asymmetries of body posture. The estimation of body posture contained trunk’s inclination in frontal and sagittal plane, position of the vertebrae spine, shoulders, scapulas, pelvis and waist arrangement. Results. The children with hearing dysfunctions had more asymmetries in the frontal and transversal planes and more imperfect position of the vertebrae spine than the control group. Defects of the thorax were more frequent in that deaf and partially hearing children. Total points for body posture also showed that deaf and partially hearing children had worse body posture in frontal plane. Conclusions. This study finds that the loss of hearing or considerable decrease of hearing can be essential for body posture.

Key words:
deaf children, body posture, asymmetry
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Neurodevelopmental analysis of postural correction exercises

Małgorzata Matyja, Ewa Zmudzka-Wilczek, Barbara Karasz

Małgorzata Matyja, Ewa Zmudzka-Wilczek, Barbara Karasz – Neurodevelopmental analysis of postural correction exercises. Fizjoterapia Polska 2006; 6(3); 251-259

Abstract
Posture correction exercises in posture defects of the body are conducted on the basis of Wiles conception. In this approach the reason for the posture disturbance is abnormal pelvis position and Wiles distinguishes four different types of incorrect posture. The exercises (depending on the type of faulty posture) consist of intensification or relaxation of the appropriate group of muscles and include different types of exercises: breathing, elongation, shoulder girdle, abdominal muscles and back muscles exercises. According to neurodevelopmental approach the posture development in the result of gradual integration of the muscles tone and the postural reflex mechanism. The development of the posture is not connected with the intensification of the particular muscle group but rather with the integration of their functions in righting and equilibrium reactions. In case of postural hipotone the appropriate development of the posture is disturbed and as a consequence children compensate the lack of optimal postural muscle tone by placing particular parts of the body in such a position that makes their functioning easier. In neurodevelopmental approach the abnormal posture is the result of the compensation of postural hipotone. For example the pelvis position can be one of many elements of the compensation, but not the reason for the posture disturbance. The aim of the publication is to present correction exercises, including posture correction exercises (like normalizing postural tone exercises, righting and equilibrium reaction exercises).

Key words:
the body posture, defects of posture, abnormal postural reflex mechanism

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Postural control in scoliotic children with different functional efficiency of feet. Preliminary report

Marzena Wiernicka, Dominik Kaczmarek, Ewa Kamińska, Iwona Ciechanowicz-Kowalczyk, Grażyna Cywińska-Wasilewska, Magdalena Łańczak-Trzaskowska, Dorota Warzecha

Marzena Wiernicka, Dominik Kaczmarek, Ewa Kamińska, Iwona Ciechanowicz-Kowalczyk, Grażyna Cywińska-Wasilewska, Magdalena Łańczak-Trzaskowska, Dorota Warzecha – Postural control in scoliotic children with different functional efficiency of feet. Preliminary report. Fizjoterapia Polska 2008; 8(3); 299-309

Abstract
Background. Scoliosis is defined as a multi-dimensional deformity of the spine frequently associated with a compensatory spinal curvature and changes in pelvic and lower limb alignment. Changes in the spatial arrangement of the foot joints may affect coordination of movement patterns, muscle balance and static and dynamic proprioceptive control. The aim of this study was to assess dynamic and static postural control in children with scoliosis and different longitudinal foot arch patterns. Material and methods. The study involved 69 children aged 5 to 18 years with scoliosis confirmed by an orthopaedist. The patients were treated at orthopaedic outpatients clinics and had not undergone previous operative treatment. Longitudinal foot arch parameters were assessed with a Podoskop (Posmed, Poland) device and the Wejsflog index.. Static and dynamic postural control was assessed with a CQStab2P Stabilometric Platform (two-platform version, CQ Elektronik System, Poland) and the Delos Postural System (Delos s.r.l., Italy). Results. In the children with reduced functional efficiency of the feet, the sway path and the sway area were higher during stabilometric measurements with eyes closed. Mean postural priority among persons with inefficient feet did not exceed 60%. Conclusions. Preliminary results indicate the presence of disturbances of balance and proprioception among children with scoliosis and reduced or poor functional efficiency of the feet.
Key words:
posture, foot, scoliosis, postural balance
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Perception of posture by children aged 12-13 and their parents in light of ideas of „The School of Healthy Spine”

Beata Żuk

Beata Żuk – Perception of posture by children aged 12-13 and their parents in light of ideas of „The School of Healthy Spine”. Fizjoterapia Polska 2008; 8(4); 454-463

Abstract
Background. Preventive measures implemented in accordance with the ideas of the School Of Healthy Spine seem to be a good and effective method of improving the health of both children and their parents. The main goal of this article was to demonstrate that there is an urgent need to put into practice the assumptions advocated by the School of Healthy Spine from Karlsruhe by including them in the primary school curriculum and in training programs for teachers and educational advisers. The article addresses two crucial issues, namely to what extent schoolchildren’s knowledge and awareness of the ways of maintaining a correct posture influences their perception of their own physique. The second objective was to determine whether parents’ knowledge of the principles of good posture influences the perception of their children’s posture problems and prompts action to improve their children’s posture.Material and methods. The study was carried out in Warsaw’s Mokotów District in 2007. The participants were pupils of the 6th (final) grade of primary school and their parents. The diagnostic medical examination was employed as the main research tool. The results were verified with the help of questionnaires designed by the author.Results. The findings of the study clearly indicate that the awareness of healthy posture of the 64 pupils and their parents definitely influenced their way of perceiving their own posture. Conclusions. 1. The findings regarding the level of knowledge of the principles of healthy posture in the group of children aged 12-13 confirm the need to modify school curricula. This, in turn, requires that both teachers and instructors possess essential knowledge about child development as well as the principles of mechanics and pathomechanics of postural defects. 2. There is an urgent need to educate children and their parents to develop the postural perception skills.
Key words:
posture, postural perception, self-assessment, school of healthy spine
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Body posture changes during first six years of school education

Janusz Nowotny, Krzysztof Czupryna, Aleksandra Rudzińska, Olga Nowotny-Czupryna

Janusz Nowotny, Krzysztof Czupryna, Aleksandra Rudzińska, Olga Nowotny-Czupryna – Body posture changes during first six years of school education. Fizjoterapia Polska 2008; 8(4); 378-383

Abstract
Background. Screening examinations undertaken in periods of intensive body growth (growth spurts) and including an assessment of body posture are a basic form of prevention. These examinations help to pick out children at risk of developing faulty postures or with established postural defects so that they can benefit from corrective measures, if necessary. The aim of the work was to examine body postures of adolescents during their second growth spurt and to compare the results with postural data obtained at the age of seven.Material and methods. The study initially involved 116 subjects, of whom 63 were qualified for further assessment. Their posture was examined twice, at the ages of 7 and 13, using a modified scoring system. The results were compared.Results. The results confirmed the presence of postural variability. The posture of a third of the participants did not change. Of the others, improved postures were seen in half of them and postural deterioration in the other half. The second examination did not reveal any severe posture faults, but there were fewer children with normal postures. In the period between the examinations most of the children with faulty postures had attended corrective gymnastics classes once a week at their schools.Conclusions. 1. The results confirmed variability of body posture, leading both to spontaneous improvement and postural deterioration. 2. There are some possibilities for spontaneous improvement but only in children with minor posture faults.
Key words:
body posture, screening examinations, variability of body posture
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The influence of the pelvis position on body posture changes

Andrzej Mroczkowski

Andrzej Mroczkowski – The influence of the pelvis position on body posture changes. Fizjoterapia Polska 2009; 9(3); 258-265

Abstract
In scoliosis, a slanting pelvis position in the frontal plane may give rise to a mechanical link leading to inappropriate distribution of the gravity force on individual spinal components and, ultimately, to the development of a force rotating the vertebrae. The author analysed gravity-induced variations in load on the hip joint as a result of a slanting pelvis position. The resulting formulas indicate an uneven load on the hip joints associated with this pelvis position. Uneven bone load in the hip joints may lead to a difference in length increments between the lower limbs. A persistent pelvic slant causes changes in the distribution of the gravity force acting on individual spinal components. Pelvic slant is often the cause of lumbar scoliosis. The scoliosis, initially functional, may become structural due to the asymmetrical load on bones. It seems obvious that the main goal of corrective and compensatory management of pelvic slant should consist in exercises to strengthen the muscles responsible for pelvis position.
Słowa kluczowe
pelvis, scoliosis, body posture
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Spinal column shape in pupils with mild, moderate and severe, idiopathic intellectual disability

Adrian Kużdżał, Andrzej Szczygieł, Robert Walaszek

Adrian Kużdżał, Andrzej Szczygieł, Robert Walaszek – Spinal column shape in pupils with mild, moderate and severe, idiopathic intellectual disability. Fizjoterapia Polska 2010; 10(1); 37-48

Abstract
Background. To date, no studies are available concerning the relationship between the shape of the spinal column and the level of mental retardation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the spinal column shape in children and adolescents with mild, moderate, and severe intellectual disability.Material and methods. 413 boys and girls aged eleven to thirteen were examined, including 204 persons with various levels of intellectual disability and 209 of their mentally healthy peers, who formed the control group. The Metrecom System, a computerised instrument for three-dimensional diagnostic studies of the musculoskeletal system, was used to examine the shape of the spinal column. 3-D anthropostereometric parameters obtained using the Metrecom System were used to de – scribe in detail and classify individual types of spinal column shape.Results. The intellectually disabled children and youth, in comparison to the healthy population, had much worse postures and an increased incidence of spinal column deformities. The degree of intellectual disability was correlated with the frequency and severity of spinal column deformities.Conclusions. Our results point to an urgent need to verify the current health care practice and improve health care policies, including appropriate methods of medical rehabilitation and corrective therapy of spinal column deformities that would account for the degree of intellectual disability.
Key words:
body posture, spinal column, intellectual disability, Metrecom System
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Posture parameters vs. motor ability of children with cerebral palsy

Roksana Malak, Ewa Gajewska, Magdalena Sobieska, Włodzimierz Samborski

Roksana Malak, Ewa Gajewska, Magdalena Sobieska, Włodzimierz Samborski – Posture parameters vs. motor ability of children with cerebral palsy. Fizjoterapia Polska 2010; 10(2); 113-122

Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate that posture quality influences psychomotor development among children with cerebral palsy. Materials and method: The study involved 33 children (16 girls, 17 boys) aged 1–18 years diagnosed with cerebral palsy who attended Special School Complex No. 103, the Wielkopolska Outpatient Clinic of Neurology, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology in Teaching Hospital No. 4, and Bartek Rehabilitation Center in Poznań. The children were assessed in late 2007/early 2008 according to a standardised examination protocol. The results were analysed with Statistica 7.1 software.Results:1. There was a clear correlation between cervical spine position in the frontal plane and the ability to lift the head (p=.035). 2. There was a significant correlation between the presence of a deviation of the lumbar spine in the frontal plane and the ability to lift the head in a proper manner (p=,035). 3. Shoulder protraction influenced inappropriate forearm support patterns in a non-significant manner. Conclusions:1. The postural parameters that significantly influence the development of motor function are the position of the cervical and lumbar spine in the frontal plane. 2. Spinal shape influences the motor ability of children with cerebral palsy.
Key words:
body posture, motor activity, cerebral palsy
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