Tag: Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh

Developing and validating the exercise protocol in early intervention treatment programs for early-term babies

K.C. Gayathri, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Yasmeen imtiaz, Hari babu, Mohamed Nainar A, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi, Ahlam Mazi, Reem Alyoubi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Mashael Abdullah Almadhi

K.C. Gayathri et al. – Developing and validating the exercise protocol in early intervention treatment programs for early-term babies –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 265-268

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E1242V

Abstract
Background. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new exercise protocol for early intervention programs using VA cues and TVP stimulation for early-term babies. This includes evaluating the protocol and supporting its implementation in early intervention through expert content validation.
Methods. A five-point Likert scale was used to validate 10 online questions with the input of 15 experts. Reliability was tested in 30 babies aged between 3 and 6 months. A key challenge was to create a psychometrically reliable, practical, and efficient questionnaire for both clinical and research applications. This article outlines the guidelines used for the development and validation process, with a particular emphasis on developmental milestones. Various statistical techniques were employed to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and ensure its psychometric quality. The exercise protocol was specifically designed for use with early-term babies.
Results. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.883, indicating an excellent level of internal consistency among the scale items.
Conclusion. Based on the Cronbach’s alpha analysis, the developed exercise protocol is effective in reducing the risk of future developmental delays.
Key words
early intervention, VA cues, TVP stimulation, exercise validation, early-term babies
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Cascading effects of VA cues and TVP stimulation on gross motor development in early-term babies with developmental delay

Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, K.C.Gayathri, K.Kamatchi, Hari babu, Mohamed Nainar A, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi, Ahlam Mazi,Reem Alyoubi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh

 

Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian et al. – Cascading effects of VA cues and TVP stimulation on gross motor development in early-term babies with developmental delay –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 186-191

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E19UE6

Abstract
Aim. To analyze the outcome of VA cues and TVP stimulation on the development of gross motor milestones in early-term babies with developmental delays.
Method. One hundred and ten participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. A 12-week VA cues exercise program was implemented to assess the effects of early intervention on delayed milestones. This single-blinded study, with a blinded assessor, utilized the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and involved 12 weeks of early intervention therapy, with each session lasting 60 minutes.
Results. Following early intervention, the risk of developmental delay showed significant improvement. Milestone categorization was assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and during follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12 months. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference, with a mean score of 3.00 ± 1.00 at pre-test, 6.95 ± 0.95 at post-test, and 7.00 ± 0.35 at final follow-up.
Conclusion. VA cues and TVP stimulation, which involve family empowerment, can assist clinicians and researchers in tailoring health promotion interventions to the specific needs of early-term children with developmental delays.
Key words
early intervention, motor development, early term baby, Bayley scale
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Exploring the relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and geriatric syndromes in elderly patients with diabetes (a cross-sectional study)

Diovin Derose Vianni, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Surya Vishnuram, Hazliza Razali, Madhanraj Sekar, Naseem Alyahyawi, Hana K Almufadda, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh,Fadwa Alhalaiqa

Diovin Derose Vianni et al. – Exploring the relationship between glycated haem

Diovin Derose Vianni et al. – Exploring the relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and geriatric syndromes in elderly patients with diabetes (a cross-sectional study) –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 293-299

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CN4TC

Abstract Background. One common chronic condition is diabetes mellitus (DM), which is more prevalent in the elderly and is often linked to a variety of issues and concomitant conditions. Geriatric symptoms, such as depression, weakness, tiredness, and insomnia, are known to impact health outcomes in this demographic significantly. Objective. This study investigated the connection between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and geriatric symptoms in seniors with diabetes. Methods. An appropriate sample of fifty senior people (60–85 years old) with diabetes mellitus was selected from the outpatient ward of Saveetha Hospital. The HbA1c values were assessed in addition to examinations for geriatric symptoms using established measures. Potential correlations between HbA1c levels and geriatric syndromes were examined by statistical analysis. Results. The following variables showed significant positive relationships with HbA1c levels: frailty (r = 0.571, p < 0.000), fatigue (r = 0.725, p < 0.000), sleeplessness (r = 0.631, p < 0.000), and geriatric depression (r = 0.529, p < 0.000). Conclusion. In older diabetes mellitus patients, higher HbA1c levels were linked to a higher prevalence of fatigue, insomnia, frailty, and depression. These results emphasize the need for glycemic control in treating geriatric diseases in this population.
Key words diabetes mellitus, geriatric syndromes, glycated hemoglobin, depression, frailty, fatigue, insomnia, elderly patients
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Effect of deep breathing and bladder retraining on older women with diabetic-induced stress incontinence

Getcyal Devakirubai Martin Jeyaraj,Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Surya Vishnuram,Keerthana A.K., Saad Suleman Alfawaz, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Huda Ibrahim Bakhour, Fadwa Alhalaiqa

Getcyal Devakirubai Martin Jeyaraj et al. – Effect of deep breathing and bladder retraining on older women with diabetic-induced stress incontinence –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 227-231

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CPW1T

Abstract Background. An increasing number of older women, especially those with diabetes, are experiencing stress incontinence. This ailment can significantly affect the quality of life, frequently made worse by weaker pelvic floor muscles and more significant abdominal strain. The combined impact of deep breathing exercises and bladder retraining is a well-researched technique. Purpose. This research aims to determine how deep breathing techniques and bladder retraining affect stress incontinence in older female diabetics. Methods. Eighty older women with diabetic-induced stress incontinence were randomized into a group for intervention (receiving deep breathing exercises along with bladder retraining) and a control group (receiving standard diabetic care). The research employed a randomized controlled trial design. The frequency of incontinence episodes, stress levels examined using conventional scales, and blood sugar levels before and after the intervention, determined by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were among the outcome measures. Results. The frequency of incontinence events in the intervention group was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group. Furthermore, the intervention group displayed a statistically significant decrease in stress levels compared to the control group, which showed no discernible benefits. Measurements of hemoglobin A1c, which tracks blood sugar regulation, demonstrated a noteworthy amelioration in the intervention cohort relative to the control cohort. Conclusion. Together, deep breathing exercises and bladder retraining significantly reduce stress-related incontinence, enhance blood sugar management, and reduce the perceived stress levels of older women with diabetes. This integrated, non-invasive approach effectively treats psychological and physiological elements of stress incontinence. Healthcare providers should apply this strategy to improve the treatment of older diabetic women.
Key words stress incontinence, diabetes mellitus, deep breathing, bladder retraining, older women, integrative therapy, blood sugar control
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Effectiveness of dynamic cupping therapy versus IASTM with eccentric training for shin splint syndrome among football players

Tamil Ponni S, Srivatsan M, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Surya Vishnuram, Ramya S, Mohammed Atallah F Almutairi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Naseem Alyahyawi, Fadwa Alhalaiqa

Tamil Ponni S et al. – Effectiveness of dynamic cupping therapy versus IASTM with eccentric training for shin splint syndrome among football players –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 114-118

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CD2WT

Abstract Background. Shin splints result from repetitive stress on the shin bone, causing strain in the muscles and connective tissues of the lower leg. Among athletes, females (55.3%) experience shin splints more frequently than males (44.7%). Dynamic cupping combines negative pressure, massage movements, and joint motions, while instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) involves repeated strokes to stimulate muscles, tendons, and fascia. Eccentric exercises enhance muscle activation through lengthening. Purpose. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dynamic cupping therapy with eccentric exercise and IASTM with eccentric exercise in managing shin splints among football players. Method. Forty football players were divided into two groups: Group A (dynamic cupping + eccentric exercise) and Group B (IASTM + eccentric exercise). Pain (VAS), medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) questionnaire, and range of motion (ROM) were assessed weekly to evaluate outcomes. Results. Dynamic cupping therapy with eccentric training showed significant improvements in pain reduction and ROM compared to IASTM with eccentric training. Conclusion. Dynamic cupping therapy combined with eccentric exercise was more effective than IASTM with eccentric exercise in treating shin splints in football players.
Key words shin splint, cupping therapy, soft tissue mobilization, eccentric exercises, soccer players, range of motion
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Evaluating the integrated effect of aromatherapy and biofeedback therapy with rehabilitation among geriatric population with panic disorder

Bhavaani sree Dhandapani, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Surya Vishnuram, Syed Abudaheer K, SaadSuleman Alfawaz, Nouf Yousef Khojah, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Fadwa Alhalaiqa

  

Bhavaani sree Dhandapani et al – Evaluating the integrated effect of aromatherapy and biofeedback therapy with rehabilitation among geriatric population with panic disorder –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 45-49

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CF7JA

Abstract
Background. Aging or senescence is mainly associated with multiple health concerns that impact the physical, psychological, and cognitive functions of older individuals, significantly affecting their daily living. The prevalence of panic disorder in this population is rising, often manifesting as fear of falls, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, and breathing difficulties, leading to increased caregiver dependency. Current anxiety disorders, characterized by neurological and psychiatric symptoms, elevated cortisol levels, and irregular immune function, contribute to heightened mental distress and are associated with palpitations and elevated blood pressure. Objectives. The study aims to explore the integrated effect of aromatherapy and biofeedback therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation on reducing fear of falls, anxiety, and breathing difficulties among geriatric patients with panic disorder. Method. One hundred geriatric participants aged 65 years and above were randomly selected into Group A and Group B. Group A received aromatherapy and biofeedback therapy, and Group B received conventional rehabilitation. Outcome measures included pre- and post-treatment assessments using the Fall Efficacy Scale-International, Borg Dyspnoea Scale, Panic Disorder Severity Scale, and standard Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Result. This study shows a significant decline in fear of falls, anxiety, and breathing difficulties by integrating aromatherapy and biofeedback therapy compared to standard rehabilitation. There was no significant differentiation in treatment outcomes within the aromatherapy and biofeedback groups. Conclusion. Integrated aromatherapy and biofeedback therapy with conventional rehabilitation provides an effective strategy for managing fear of falls, anxiety, and breathing difficulties among geriatric patients with panic disorder. These holistic approaches may enhance the quality of care and improve health outcomes and quality of life for this vulnerable population.
Key words
aromatherapy, biofeedback therapy, panic disorder, fear of fall, anxiety, breathing difficulty
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Impact of resistance training on salivary interleukin-6 and c-reactive protein – A scoping review

Kilani Kusuma, Hari Hara Subramanyan P.V, Mahesh Kumar P.G, Kamalakannan.M, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Abdel Razzaq Al Hadidi, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh, Ahmed Fekry Salman

 

Kilani Kusuma et al. – Impact of resistance training on salivary interleukin-6 and c-reactive protein – A scoping review –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(4); 20-24

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG01A8A9K8

Abstract
This review examines the impact of resistance training on salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). These biomarkers are essential indicators of inflammation and immune response. The study employed a systematic literature review method following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. 20 articles published so far were included in the literature review, sourced from various databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ERIC, EBSCO, Embase, Medline, Global Health, and Scopus. Keywords including MESH terms “resistance training,” “salivary IL-6,” “salivary CRP,” and “inflammation.” The inclusion criteria were fixed to studies that involved human participants, measured salivary IL-6 and CRP, and incorporated resistance-training protocols. Studies were excluded if they focused on other forms of exercise or used invasive measurement techniques and were not randomized control traits or quasi-experimental trials. The study population in these articles includes a diverse range of patients, such as the general population, adults, elderly adults, individuals with type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes, patients with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease, overweight and obese individuals, and men with varying levels of physical fitness. By focusing on salivary measurements, this review emphasizes non-invasive methods for monitoring the physiological effects of resistance training. This review highlights the potential of resistance training to modulate inflammation as measured by salivary biomarkers. It underscores the importance of considering various factors when designing training programs and interpreting their physiological impacts. The variability in findings suggests that the relationship between resistance training and salivary IL-6 and CRP is complex. The reductions in these markers observed in some studies may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise. The final remarks from an intense review of the literature have shown resistance training has the potential to influence salivary IL-6 and CRP levels, reflecting changes in systemic inflammatory and immune responses. However, the impact varies based on training protocols and individual differences. Resistance training and biomarkers have practical applications in physiotherapy, such as developing tailored treatment programs, making progressive load adjustments, selecting appropriate exercise modalities, and providing patient feedback and monitoring. Additionally, more focused studies could investigate the underlying mechanisms behind observed outcomes, and new technologies such as advanced imaging and biomarkers could be incorporated to gain deeper insights. Research could also explore the impact of combining resistance training with other therapeutic modalities or investigate the role of individualized treatments in enhancing patient outcomes.
Keywords
resistance training, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein
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Effectiveness of shoulder kinesio taping and conventional exercises on Fugl-Meyer assessment scale and Rivermead mobility scale in sub-acute hemiplegic subjects with shoulder subluxation: A single group pre-post design

Venkatesan Ramakrishnan, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Kavitha Selvarj, Albin Jerome, Kavitha Ramanathan, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi, Saad Suleman Alfawaz, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh

 

Venkatesan Ramakrishnan et al. – Effectiveness of shoulder kinesio taping and conventional exercises on Fugl-Meyer assessment scale and Rivermead mobility scale in sub-acute hemiplegic subjects with shoulder subluxation: A single group pre-post design –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 317-323

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020A7QB

Abstract:
Background. Most hemiplegic patients develop subluxation in the acute stage of stroke. Despite various prevention strategies, over 80% of stroke survivors experience shoulder subluxation, affecting gait, balance, and mobility. This study evaluated the impact of shoulder kinesio taping and conventional exercises on upper limb function and mobility in sub-acute hemiplegic patients with shoulder subluxation.
Methods. Thirty-three stroke patients (post-stroke duration: 45.42 ± 2.90 days) participated. Kinesio tape was applied twice a week, while conventional exercises were performed five days a week, over eight weeks. The Fugl-Meyer assessment and Rivermead mobility scale were used to measure outcomes.
Results. The intervention significantly improved upper limb function and mobility, with notable changes in Fugl-Meyer and Rivermead scores (p < 0.00001).
Conclusion. Combining kinesio taping and conventional exercises improved upper limb function and mobility in sub-acute hemiplegic patients with shoulder subluxation.

Keywords:
shoulder kinesio taping, conventional exercises, sub-acute hemiplegic subjects, upper limb functions, functional mobility

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Impact of PNF and MET technique on hamstring flexibility among university students with hamstring tightness

Vijayamurugan Eswaramoorthi, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Ayman Abdullah Alhammad, Arul Pragassame, Makesh Babu Subramanian, Abdulrahman Abdulwahab Alzahrani, Abrar Nayel Alsharief, Kavitha Ramanathan, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh

 

Vijayamurugan Eswaramoorthi et al. – Impact of PNF and MET technique on hamstring flexibility among university students with hamstring tightness –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 49-54

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020A97H

Abstract

Background. Hamstring tightness affects pelvic posture, contributing to symptoms such as low back discomfort and improper lumbar-pelvic area motions. The purpose of this study is to determine the immediate effectiveness of both Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Muscle Energy Technique (MET) interventions on hamstring tightness. A paucity of literature has left a research gap on this topic. Thus, my study aims to compare the effects of these two interventions on improving hamstring flexibility among university students with hamstring tightness. Methods. Group I, consisting of 20 subjects, received PNF for 30 minutes. Group II, also consisting of 20 subjects, received MET for 30 minutes. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Results. The ROM variables were examined using an independent ‘t’ test with a significance level of 0.05. The mean ± SD of the difference in hamstring ROM for the PNF group was 9.77 ± 4.01° and 10.7 ± 5.21° for the MET group. This indicates that a marked difference was obtained between Group I and Group II, as well as a substantial variation between both the pre-intervention and post-intervention values. Conclusion. The findings demonstrated that both PNF and MET significantly improved (p = 0.000) ROM. Meanwhile, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between these two interventions.

Keywords:

hamstring tightness, PNF, MET, range of motion, knee extensiona

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Effect of lower body, core and upper body kinematic chain exercise protocol on throwing performance among university shot put athletes: A pilot study

Vinod Kumar K.C, Thamer A. Altaim, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Shadi Abdelbaset Alkhob, Pradeep Reddy, Anusha.M.B.S, Naresh Bhaskar Raj, Senthi P, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh


Vinod Kumar K.C, Thamer A. Altaim, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Shadi Abdelbaset Alkhob, Pradeep Reddy, Anusha.M.B.S, Naresh Bhaskar Raj, Senthi P, Riziq Allah Mustafa Gaowgzeh – Effect of lower body, core and upper body kinematic chain exercise protocol on throwing performance among university shot put athletes: A pilot study. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(3); 108-115

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG143R1m

Abstract
A coordinated sequence of movements is required to generate maximum power and velocity in shot put. Kinematic chains emphasize the interactions between various body segments during a movement. They suggest that force production and transfer are optimized by coordinating multiple joints and muscle groups. In previous research, the kinematic chain has been attributed to shot put performance. Few studies have examined the effects of a comprehensive kinematic chain exercise protocol on throwing performance among shot put athletes, particularly at universities. Pilot study investigating lower body, core, and upper body kinematic chain exercise protocol on university shot put athletes’ throwing performance. A total of twenty-four young athletes specializing in shotput, with an average age of 19.87 years and a standard deviation of 1.31 years, were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, using a random assignment method, the experimental group, consisting of 12 participants, underwent an 8-week kinematic chain training program alongside their regular training sessions. On the other hand, the control group, also consisting of 12 participants, only participated in their regular training sessions without any additional intervention. Pre- and post-training assessments were conducted to measure shotput throwing performance, preference for throwing style, and the participants’ satisfaction with the exercise protocol, using a questionnaire. The athletes who took part in the kinematic chain program demonstrated a significant improvement in throwing distance compared to the control group (p = 0.01). Additionally, the athletes in the experimental group reported higher levels of satisfaction with the exercise protocol (p = 0.005). These findings indicate that incorporating an 8-week Lower Body, Core and Upper Body kinematic chain exercise protocol into regular training sessions can lead to more pronounced improvements in sport-specific throwing performance among young shotput athletes.

Keywords
shotput athletes, kinematic chain exercises, shot put throwing style, core stability, throwing distance

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