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Comparative effects of upper-body plyometric training and circuit interval training in obese adults with moderate obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study

R. Jayabharathi, S. Ramachandran, N. Senthil Kumar, G.Mohan Kumar

R. Jayabharathi, S. Ramachandran, N. Senthil Kumar,G.Mohan Kumar – Comparative effects of upper-body plyometric training and circuit interval training in obese adults with moderate obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2026; 26(2); 13-22

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG560AA7K2

Streszczenie
Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, especially among obese adults. Excess upper-body adiposity, altered respiratory mechanics, and compromised pulmonary function contribute to disease severity and functional limitation. Exercise interventions targeting the upper-body musculature and pulmonary mechanisms may offer an alternative, non-invasive therapeutic strategy. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of a tri-model exercise approach combining upper-body plyometrics and circuit interval training on anthropometric characteristics and pulmonary function in obese individuals with moderate OSA.
Materials and methods. Obese adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², aged 30–45 years, and diagnosed with moderate OSA were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A received structured upper-body plyometric training, Group B received a circuit interval training program, while Group C received conventional physiotherapy. Training was delivered for 45 minutes per session, three days per week, for 12 weeks. Neck circumference, waist circumference, and upper-body composition were assessed using a body composition analyzer. Pulmonary parameters — FVC, FEV1, and MVV — were evaluated using standardized spirometry.
Results. Group B demonstrated greater reductions in neck circumference, waist circumference, and subcutaneous fat measures compared with the other groups. Significant within-group improvement was observed for FEV1 in Group B (p < 0.05); however, changes in FVC (p = 0.13) and MVV (p = 0.06) were not statistically significant. Therefore, improvements in pulmonary measures should be interpreted cautiously and not considered definitive evidence of effectiveness.
Conclusion. These preliminary pilot findings suggest that circuit interval training may be a feasible intervention for improving selected anthropometric and pulmonary outcomes in obese adults with moderate OSA. However, due to the small sample size and the absence of statistically significant changes in several pulmonary variables, no claims regarding the superiority of one intervention over another can be made.
Słowa kluczowe
obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, exercise therapy, body composition, spirometry
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Utilization of body composition analysis machine as physiological monitoring technology to improve the performance of wushu athletes

Novita, Alin Anggreni Ginting, Abdul Harris Handoko, Ayu Elvana, Khairul Hamsyah, Hendra Setyawan, Sabariah, Rufi’i, Muhammad Imam Rahmatullah, Matsuri, Ratko Pavlovic

Novita et al. – Utilization of body composition analysis machine as physiological monitoring technology to improve the performance of wushu athletes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(4); 81-91

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA431ZTGL

Abstract
This study used a systematic literature review to investigate the utilization of body composition analysis machines as a physiological monitoring technology to improve the performance of wushu athletes. Data were obtained from articles searched through the Scopus database, focusing on journals published between 2019 and 2025. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the search conducted in April 2025 using the keywords: (body composition analysis OR bioelectrical impedance) AND (physiological monitoring OR physiological assessment) AND (athlete performance OR sports performance) AND (wushu OR martial arts). A total of 59 articles were identified, and after several screening stages, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in the selection process. In summary, body composition analysis machines, particularly BIA and BIVA, offer valuable support for monitoring physiological status and guiding training decisions in athletes. However, direct evidence regarding their effectiveness for wushu athletes remains limited. BCAM should be regarded as a complementary tool alongside comprehensive assessments conducted by sports physiotherapists. Further sport-specific research is needed to validate its utility in wushu and develop strong practical guidelines.
Key words
body composition, wushu, BIA, athlete performance, physiological monitoring
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Effects of individualized exercise on body composition, lipid profile, mental health, and ovarian cysts in a young woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome – case study

Jeslin G N, Vasugi Suresh, Muthukumaran Jothilingam, Prathap Suganthirababu, Jeevarathinam Thirumalai, Sundareswaran R, Karthick K, Sanjana Venkataraman

Jeslin G N, Vasugi Suresh, Muthukumaran Jothilingam, Prathap Suganthirababu, Jeevarathinam Thirumalai et al. – Effects of individualized exercise on body composition, lipid profile, mental health, and ovarian cysts in a young woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome – case study –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 339-341

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D197ZP4

Abstract
Background. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, obesity, dyslipidemia, irregular menstrual cycles, and changes in ovarian morphology. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether an individualized exercise program influences body composition, lipid profile, mental health, and ovarian cysts.
Methods. An 18-year-old woman diagnosed with type 1 classic PCOS participated in a 9-week (1-week familiarization and 8-week intervention) individualized exercise program that included resistance training (3 days per week) and aerobic exercise (3 days per week). Outcome measures included BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat percentage, lipid profile, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and ovarian size at baseline and post-intervention.
Results. There was a notable improvement in all measured outcomes: BMI decreased from 28.1 kg/m² to 24.6 kg/m²; waist-hip ratio reduced from 0.88 to 0.81; body fat percentage dropped from 34.1% to 29.1%; total cholesterol declined from 174 mg/dL to 152 mg/dL; triglycerides decreased from 167 mg/dL to 154 mg/dL; LDL decreased from 91 mg/dL to 82 mg/dL; HDL decreased from 67 mg/dL to 59 mg/dL. Anxiety and depression scores also improved. The left ovary size decreased from 2.75 × 1.58 cm to 2.1 × 1.2 cm, while the right ovary size decreased from 3.55 × 2.33 cm to 2.9 × 1.9 cm.
Conclusion. The results indicate that an individualized exercise program can effectively improve body composition, lipid profile, mental health, and ovarian morphology in young women with PCOS. However, further studies on a larger population are needed to confirm these findings.
Key words
polycystic ovarian syndrome, aerobic exercise, resistance training, body composition, dyslipidemia
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The effects of repeated sprint training on body composition and certain biomotor abilities in U-15 male football players

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Serkan Kızılca

Muhammed Zahit Kahraman, Serkan Kızılca – The effects of repeated sprint training on body composition and certain biomotor abilities in U-15 male football players –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 341-348

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DLIQA

Abstract
The aim of the study. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a four-week repeated sprint training program on body composition parameters, speed, strength, jumping ability, agility, and endurance in U-15 male football players.
Materials and methods. The study was designed using a pre-test post-test controlled experimental research model, one of the quantitative research methods. A total of 22 male football players participated in the study. The participants underwent four weeks of regular football training, and the experimental group also performed a repeated sprint training program three times per week. Before and after the training period, the participants underwent pre-test and post-test assessments, including the 30m sprint, back strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), Illinois agility, and Yo-Yo 1 tests. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent sample         t-tests were used for the analysis of normally distributed data between independent groups, while paired sample t-tests were used for dependent groups.
Results. According to the findings of the study, significant differences in favor of the post-test were found in the experimental group for the 30m sprint (t = 2.747; p = 0.021), back strength (t = −3.560; p = 0.005), CMJ (t = −3.788; p = 0.004), Illinois agility (t = 8.173; p = 0.000), and Yo-Yo 1 (t = −3.370; p = 0.007) tests. However, no significant differences were found between pre-test and post-test values for body composition parameters (p > 0.05).
Conclusion. In conclusion, the four-week repeated sprint training program positively affected speed, strength, jumping ability, agility, and endurance performance in U-15 male football players.
Key words
football, body composition, repeated sprint training, biomotor abilities
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Efficacy, safety and adherence of high intensity interval training and remote ischemic pre-condition among coronary artery disease patients: a study protocol

Noor Fatihah Ilias, Mazlifah Omar, Sazzli Shahlan Kassim, Hashbullah Ismail

Noor Fatihah Ilias, Mazlifah Omar, Sazzli Shahlan Kassim, Hashbullah Ismail – Efficacy, safety and adherence of high intensity interval training and remote ischemic pre-condition among coronary artery disease patients: a study protocol –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 396-403

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CM4CL

Abstract Health professionals have introduced high intensity interval training (HIIT) and acknowledge it as an effective intervention for improving cardiovascular responses in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is ongoing debate about HIIT due to potential safety issues that could impact its efficacy and adherence to the intervention. Currently, health practitioners are also highlighting a novel intervention known as remote ischemic precondition (RIPC), which is a simple technique that requires minimal time commitment. Urgent investigation is required to address these issues regarding the most effective secondary intervention. Therefore, we aim to compare the efficacy, safety, and adherence of HIIT and RIPC for the management of CAD patients. This is a randomized control trial (RCT) for CAD patients, above 18 years of age, who completed a phase two cardiac rehabilitation program following a hospital admission for cardiac-related events or procedures related to CAD. We will randomly assign participants to one of three groups. 1. HIIT. 4 x 4 minutes at 80–95% HRR interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery. 2. RIPC. 4 x 5 minutes inflate at 220 mmHg interspersed with 5 minutes deflate. 3. Standard care. Primary outcomes are change in exercise capacity (peak VO2), hs-CRP, lipid profiles, body composition, and LV functions. Secondary outcome measures are safety and adherence, following the intervention three times a week for 12 weeks. We anticipate study findings will help physiotherapists and medical trainers in designing the most effective secondary intervention for greater benefits to CAD patients.
Key words Coronary artery disease, high intensity interval training, remote ischemic precondition, peak VO2, hs-CRP, lipid profile, body composition, left ventricular function
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Within- and between-day reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis using a novel Tanita multi-frequency body composition analyzer (MC-780PMA) in healthy young adults

Raneen Mohammed Qadah, Alham Al-Sharman, Reime Jamal Shalash, Ashokan Arumugam

Raneen Mohammed Qadah, Alham Al-Sharman, Reime Jamal Shalash, Ashokan Arumugam – Within- and between-day reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis using a novel Tanita multi-frequency body composition analyzer (MC-780PMA) in healthy young adults – Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(2); 275-279

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG5608ZD5

Abstract
Background. Body composition is an important component in maintaining overall health. In clinical practice and research investigations, the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method is frequently used for body composition assessment. Aim. We investigated the within-day (fasting state and after food) and between-day (test-retest) reliability and agreement of a new MC-780PMA multi-frequency body composition analyzer (Tanita MC-780PMA, Japan) in measuring body mass index, body fat, fat-free mass, total body water, intracellular water, extracellular water, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and skeletal muscle mass index in healthy young adults. Material and methods. Thirty healthy individuals (age 23.33 ± 4.08 years, 60% women) body composition was assessed three times (before food (test 1), 30 minutes after food on the same day (test 2), and one week after (test 3)) using the Tanita multi-frequency body composition analyzer MC-780PM by a qualified physiotherapist. Within- and between-reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [3, 1]; two-way mixed effects, consistency, single measurements, agreement). In addition, the standard errors of measurement and smallest real differences were calculated for between-day measurements for the BIA parameters of interest. Results. Good within-day reliability was noted for body mass index (ICC = 0.881) and extracellular water (ICC = 0.850). Excellent within-day reliability was noted for the remaining parameters (ICC > 0.900). Excellent between-day reliability was noted for all the chosen BIA parameters (> 0.900). Conclusion. BIA using the Tanita MC-780PM showed good-to-excellent within- and between-day reliability and low measurement errors when measuring before and/or after food intake in healthy adults. Future studies investigating the reliability of Tanita MC-780PMA in individuals with pathological conditions affecting body composition are warranted.
Keywords
body composition, bioelectrical impedance analysis, research investigations, clinical practices
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Identification of recreational cycling training dose as an effective physical therapy to elicit changes into active lifestyle

Yudik Prasetyo, Sumaryanto, Abdul Alim, Guntur, Jamatul Shahidah Shaari, Nur Asmidar Halim, Krisnanda Dwi Apriyanto, Rizki Mulyawan

 

Yudik Prasetyo, Sumaryanto, Abdul Alim, Guntur, Jamatul Shahidah Shaari, Nur Asmidar Halim, Krisnanda Dwi Apriyanto, Rizki Mulyawan – Identification of recreational cycling training dose as an effective physical therapy to elicit changes into active lifestyle –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 31-35

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8A10

Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship of living habits during the new normal period with (1) body composition and (2) blood oxygen levels after cycling while wearing a mask. This research is a multicenter study between Indonesia and Malaysia, with the data presented here being specifically from the DI Yogyakarta region in Indonesia, involving an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The study included 71 research subjects. The instruments used to collect data were fitness behavior during the pandemic (exercise frequency and duration), anthropometric and oxygen saturation measurement after cycling during pandemic. Body composition was determined using the BMI formula, involving height and weight. Oxygen saturation during cycling was measured using the Pulse Oximeter FOX-1(N) by Elitech Technovision. The largest percentage of cycling is twice a week (42.25%), followed by three, one, fifth and fourth times a week. The majority of participants cycled for 120 minutes (35.21%), followed by durations of 180 minutes, 60 minutes, 30 minutes, and so on. Oxygen saturation data shows that most subjects have oxygen saturation of 98% (47.8% of respondents), none of them have 100%, but 97% saturation, 96% occupying the second and third distributions. From the primary data obtained in Indonesia, only oxygen saturation and cycling duration showed a highly significant relationship (p = 0.009), while other variables, such as BMI and cycling frequency, did not exhibit a significant correlation. It can be concluded that a significant relationship exists between exercise duration, specifically cycling, and oxygen saturation in Indonesian subjects.
Keywords
cycling, physical activity, fit behavior, body composition, oxygen saturation, exercise and pandemic
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The impact of body composition disorders on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Marzena Dorosz, Katarzyna Bogacz, Marta Gołdyn-Pastuszka, Marcin Krajczy, Anna Szczegielniak, Jacek Łuniewski, Jan Szczegielniak


Marzena Dorosz, Katarzyna Bogacz, Marta Gołdyn-Pastuszka, Marcin Krajczy, Anna Szczegielniak, Jacek Łuniewski, Jan Szczegielniak – The impact of body composition disorders on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Fizjoterapia Polska 2022; 22(5); 56-69

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20AXT7

Abstract

Introduction. COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease that constitutes a significant public health problem. It is characterized by not fully reversible, progressive limitation of airflow through the airways. In addition to the harmful pulmonary effects, COPD manifests itself with complications in other body systems, including body composition disorders, which adversely affects patients’ quality of life and prognosis. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with COPD and to assess the factors that will affect its deterioration.
Material and methods. The study included 37 patients of the University Hospital at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków at 8 Skawińska Street, who were diagnosed with COPD according to the GOLD guidelines. In the study group, a personal questionnaire was conducted, anthropometric data was collected, i.e. the Quetelet index was calculated, thigh circumference and skin folds were measured, and the subjective assessment of the quality of life was examined using the SGRQ-C questionnaire and the CAT Test.
Results. Based on the analysis of the collected materials, it was shown that the average assessment of the quality of life in the study population was at a low level of 61.8 points on the SGRQ-C scale. There was a large variation in the assessment of HRQoL depending on the stage of the disease. The best result, amounting to 23.0 points, was achieved by patients in stage 1, and the worst – 81.6 points. – patients in stage 4 according to GOLD guidelines. Among the main determinants of the quality of life in the study group, in addition to the degree of airway obstruction, there were: high intensity of clinical symptoms, such as cough, shortness of breath or expectoration of secretions, low body weight and the number of comorbidities. Conclusions. It has been shown that the loss of fat-free body mass and systemic complications are factors that significantly reduce the quality of life, and patients with fewer comorbidities and with increased BMI score better on the SGRQ-C scale. It has been proven that the progression of the disease contributes to the exclusion of patients from active social life and causes many mental problems. It was established that patients with COPD should be covered by multidisciplinary care and a special training program in order to prevent or delay the onset of systemic complications, which significantly worsen the patients’ quality of life

Keywords:
COPD, body composition, quality of life

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The relationship between body constitution and body composition in young women

Milan Cabrić, Helena Krakowiak, Renata Janczak

Milan Cabrić, Helena Krakowiak, Renata Janczak – The relationship between body constitution and body composition in young women. Fizjoterapia Polska 2002; 2(1); 1-5

Abstract
Introduction. The goal of our research was to explore the dependency between the body composition, broadly understood, and the type of body construction in young women. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 212 female students from three Bydgoszcz colleges, ranging in age from 18 to 25. the research was performed in the years 2000-2001 in the Department of Anthropology at the Academy of Medicine in Bydgoszcz. The somatotype of the subject was specified according to the method proposed by B. Heath and L. Carter, and the body was tested by segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (SBIA). Results. In this study the higher correlation coefficient was achieved between the endomorphic component and fatty tissue (in kg and in percentage), fat distribution, and the BMI and Rohrer indices. Conclusions. There is a very diverse codependency between the selected body components and the type of body structure. However, the highest correlation occurs between the endomorphic component of body structure and the fatty tissue content, and a negative correlation between the ectomorphic component and the tested aspects of fat storage.

Key words:
somatoptype, Body Composition, correlation

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Comparison of body constitution and body composition in female students in various fields of study

Milan Cabric, Helena Krakowiak, Renata Janczak

Milan Cabric, Helena Krakowiak, Renata Janczak – Comparison of body constitution and body composition in female students in various fields of study. Fizjoterapia Polska 2003; 3(3); 272-276

Abstract

Background. The purpose of our research was to compare the body constitution and composition of female physical education students at the Bydgoszcz Academy to those of female students of other Bydgoszcz colleges. Material and methods. The study involved 52 female students of physical education at the Bydgoszcz Academy and 160 female students at the Academy of Medicine and the College of Hotel Management and Tourism in Bydgoszcz. The tests were performed in 2000-2001 at the Department of Anthropology of the Bydgoszcz Academy of Medicine. The somatotype of the subjects was determined by the method of B. Heath and L. Carter, and the body composition was tested by segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (SBIA). Results. The physical education students were taller, had larger upper arm circumference without fat tissue, and showed a significantly smaller proportion of the endomorphic component in body constitution, in comparison to female students from the other colleges. In terms of body composition, also, apart from the percentage content of fat tissue, the physical education students achieved significantly higher values in the majority of the tested parameters. Conclusion. Female physical education students, as opposed to female students from the remaining colleges, were characterized by greater muscle mass, with a significantly smaller degree of body fat.

Key words:
Somatotype, Body Composition, body fat
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