The influence of vibration training on human body

Magdalena Piecha, Piotr Król, Janusz Kubacki, Anna Polak, Arkadiusz Stanula, Marek Najder, Daria Chmielewska

Magdalena Piecha, Piotr Król, Janusz Kubacki, Anna Polak, Arkadiusz Stanula, Marek Najder, Daria Chmielewska – The influence of vibration training on human body. Fizjoterapia Polska 2006; 6(3); 192-197

Abstract
Vibration training nowadays is a very popular kind of practice in sport, fitness and rehabilitation. It can be used both by professionals as a complementary element of their traditional strength training, and by elderly as a way to improve their physical shape. There have been numerous research investigating the influence of vibration training on a human body. According to the opinion of many authors, vibration training has a beneficial impact on a human body. Major adaptation responses concern a muscle tissue. Most of the research have proven the increase of maximal strength, explosive strength and mechanical power. Because of the increase of density in a bony tissue, vibration training can successfully be used in the prevention of osteoporosis. Many authors report about stimulating influence of vibrations on the cardiovascular system: blood vessels expand, blood flow increases hence the nutrition and oxygen delivery in cells gets more efficient. Also, there have been many positive changes in postural stability and the hormonal system. Moreover many authors point out the positive effect of vibrations on humans suffering of a back pain. The case of implementing vibrations in a particular activity, sport or therapy is still open. A proper and well directed vibration training needs precise parameters of mechanical oscillations (frequency, amplitude of movement, acceleration) as well as an individual approach in training set up (type and duration of the exercises, number of repetition, muscle group being involved). This publication introduces the review of the literature and research concerning the influence of a single vibration session as well as a long-term vibration training on a human body.

Key words:
vibrations, vibration training, mechanical oscillations

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The effect of a multi-modality therapy including active exercises, classic massage, cryotherapy and a combination of ultrasound and electrical stimulation on rotator cuff injuries

Ewa Grymel-Kulesza, Anna Polak, Janusz Kubacki, Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek, Piotr Król

Ewa Grymel-Kulesza, Anna Polak, Janusz Kubacki, Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek, Piotr Król – The effect of a multi-modality therapy including active exercises, classic massage, cryotherapy and a combination of ultrasound and electrical stimulation on rotator cuff injuries. Fizjoterapia Polska 2007; 7(2), 107-123

Abstract

Background. The study assessed the effectiveness of a multi-modality therapy for shoulder rotator cuff injuries. The treatment included kinesitherapy, classic massage therapy, cryotherapy and ‘the combination treatment’ (ultrasound plus electrical stimulation). The effects of cryotherapy and the combination treatment for rotator cuff injuries were compared. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients with confirmed chronic symptoms of rotator cuff injury. The patients were assigned at random to two groups. Exercises and classic massage of the shoulder area (according to a uniform program) were used in both groups. Additionally, one group (Group A) was exposed to a combination treatment comprising ultrasound and electric stimulation of trigger points in the rotator cuff muscles, whereas Group B was treated with cryotherapy of the shoulder area. Criteria for assessing treatment effectiveness included changes in mobility of the shoulder joint, strength of the rotators, and the presence and intensity of pain. Results and Conclusions. The treatment produced significant and positive effects in both groups. Treatment effects were somewhat better in Group A than in Group B, with statistically significant between-group differences with respect to pain reduction and improved mobility and strength of some muscles. Multi-modality physiotherapy including kinesitherapy and the combination therapy (ultrasound and TENS) is an effective method for treating the sequelae of rotator cuff injuries. Direct combination therapy of myofascial trigger points offers somewhat better results than cryotherapy.

Key words:

injuries of rotator cuff, physiotherapy, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, cryotherapy, combination treatment

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Changes in the human body stability system under the influence of vibrations

Magdalena Piecha, Piotr Król, Janusz Kubacki, Grzegorz Juras

Magdalena Piecha, Piotr Król, Janusz Kubacki, Grzegorz Juras – Changes in the human body stability system under the influence of vibrations. Fizjoterapia Polska 2008; 8(2); 97-104

Abstract
Via neuromuscular stimulation, vibration training induces changes in the tissues and systems of the human body. Major adaptive responses are seen in muscle tissue. Increased maximal strength, explosive strength and mechanical power of muscles after vibration training, were the basis for using vibration platforms in gymnasiums and spa centres. Numerous studies have also been published which describe changes in the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, bone and soft tissue following vibration training. The results of studies investigating the impact of vibration training on the stability of human body are equivocal. Owing to the vertical position of the body combined with a small base of support, the quiet standing position is easily influenced by destabilising factors. The control of the balance system is based on information originating from receptors in muscles and tendons whose functions are disturbed by vibrations. The complexity of human stability control processes and the lack of systematic methods of vibration training (frequency of vibration, amplitude of duration of training sessions, muscle groups involved) make the effect of mechanical oscillations on human stability an issue that is yet to be fully elucidated and is thus a very interesting research area. This paper contains a review of the literature and research concerning the influence of single vibration sessions as well as long-term vibration on the human body.
Słowa kluczowe
vibrations, vibration training, stability of human body
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Focused and radial shock wave in orthopedics and physiotherapy

Piotr Król, Andrzej Franek, Wiesław Zinka, Janusz Kubacki, Anna Polak, Ewa Franek

Piotr Król, Andrzej Franek, Wiesław Zinka, Janusz Kubacki, Anna Polak, Ewa Franek – Focused and radial shock wave in orthopedics and physiotherapy. Fizjoterapia Polska 2009; 9(1); 1-20

Abstract
This article aims at presenting current knowledge about shock wave therapy and especially analysing the results of research on the influence of focused and radial shock wave in the treatment of pseudarthrosis, tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder, calcanean spurs, plantar fasciitis, tendinitis and enthesitis, etc. Orthopaedics and physiotherapy have been using focused shock wave therapy for two decades now, but radial shock wave therapy has a history of only several years. As a consequence, there is a dearth of studies corroborating the thera-peutic efficacy of this method, although the available results are very encouraging. Most studies concentrate on presenting the effects of focused shock wave in the treatment of pseudarthrosis, where the shock wave impact is purely destructive. In other conditions, the mechanism of action of both focused and radial shock wave is obscure, although the procedures are very effective. Because the only alternative available to many patients, especially those with tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder and calcanean spurs, is a surgical procedure, the application of shock wave, a low-invasive and highly effective method, is fully justified.
Key words:
focused shock wave, radial shock wave, physiotherapy
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The efficacy of ultrasound and electrophonophoresis as adjuncts to the treatment of degenerative knee joint disease

Marta Szlachta, Anna Polak, Beata Błaszczyk, Agnieszka Kluszczyńska-Galas, Janusz Kubacki, Piotr Król

Marta Szlachta, Anna Polak, Beata Błaszczyk, Agnieszka Kluszczyńska-Galas, Janusz Kubacki, Piotr Król – The efficacy of ultrasound and electrophonophoresis as adjuncts to the treatment of degenerative knee joint disease. Fizjoterapia Polska 2009; 9(3); 211-222

Abstract
Background. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound and Ketonal (ketoprofen) electrophonophoresis as adjuncts to the treatment of degenerative knee joint disease. Materiał and methods. Forty-six persons randomly assigned to two groups were investigated. Group A consisted of 23 per-sons aged 53-72 years. Group B comprised 23 patients whose age ranged from 54 to 60 years. The knee joint rangę of motion and muscle strength were assessed in all patients immediately before treatment and on completion ofa course of physical thera-py Group A was treated with ultrasound (1 MHz; 0.5-1.0 W/cm2; 20%; 1-3 min/cm2), while Group B was subjected to electropho-nophoretic treatment (0.1 mA/cm2; 1 MHz; 0.5-1.0 W/cm2; 20%; 1-3 min/cm2; 2% Ketonal). A total of 10 procedures were admini-stered to each patient over two weeks. Results. The knee-joint rangę of motion and strength ofthe knee flexors and extensors improved significantly in both groups after treatment in comparison to baseline values. There was no statistically significant inerease in the muscle strength ofthe knee rotators. An inter-group comparison of treatment effects showed that the ranges of the passive and active flexion, passive and active extension and strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee joint had inereased morę significantly in group B than in group A. Conclusions. The treatment applied in both comparative groups was effective. Electrophonophoresis led to slightly better treatment outeomes than ultrasound.
Key words:
degenerative disease, ultrasound, electrophonophoresis, knee joint
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Assessment of the effectiveness of selected physical therapy procedures in the early post-operative period fol łowing ACL surgery. Pilot study

Anna Polak, Ewa Grymel-Kulesza, Janusz Kubacki, Piotr Król

Anna Polak, Ewa Grymel-Kulesza, Janusz Kubacki, Piotr Król – Assessment of the effectiveness of selected physical therapy procedures in the early post-operative period fol łowing ACL surgery. Pilot study. Fizjoterapia Polska 2010; 10(1); 12-24

Abstract
Background. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness ofa therapeutic regimen combining kinesiotherapy, cryotherapy and electrical stimulation in patients with a surgically treated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Materials and methods. Twenty-four patients with reconstructed ACL participated in the study. The patients were randomly divided into Groups A and B, each group containing 12 indMduals. Both groups received kinesiotherapy and cryotherapy according to the same programme, but Group B additionally received electrical stimulation. A therapeutic cycle comprised kinesiotherapy, cryotherapy and electrical stimulation procedures, ten of each kind. Sessions took place three times a week. The progress of healing in the patients was followed by assessing passive and active flexion at the knee, measuring the knee-joint circumference and load-testing of the limb.Results. After the treatment, both groups showed statistically significant improvements in flexion of the knee joint and reduced swelling of the joint. The leg-loading test performed after the treatment provided statistically significant improvement compared to pre-treatment data in both groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding treatment effectiveness.Conclusions. A combination of kinesiotherapy and cryotherapy is an effective adjunct to the treatment of patients with a surgically treated anterior cruciate ligament. The introduction of electrical stimulation did not offer additional therapeutic benefits.
Słowa kluczowe
anterior cruciate ligament, ACL, kinesiotherapy, cryotherapy, electrical stimulation
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Comparison of the efficacy of Ketonal iontophoresis and the combination of ultrasound and electrical stimulation as adjunctive treatment for rotator cuff injuries

Anna Polak, Ewa Grymel-Kulesza, Monika Romaniak, Janusz Kubacki, Piotr Król

Anna Polak, Ewa Grymel-Kulesza, Monika Romaniak, Janusz Kubacki, Piotr Król – Comparison of the efficacy of Ketonal iontophoresis and the combination of ultrasound and electrical stimulation as adjunctive treatment for rotator cuff injuries. Fizjoterapia Polska 2010; 10(2); 123-135

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of Ketonal (ketoprofenum) iontophoresis and a combination therapy involving ultrasound and electrical stimulation in the treatment of rotator cuff injuries. Materials and methods: The study involved 30 patients with symptoms of rotator cuff injuries. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in Group A received Ketonal iontophoresis. Patients in Group B received a combination therapy involving ultrasound and electrical stimulation to trigger points of the supraspinatus and other shoulder rotator muscles. Treatment efficacy was assessed by analysing changes in shoulder range of motion, supraspinatus strength, and the occurrence and intensity of pain. Results: The treatment produced significant effects in both groups. Treatment effects in Group B were somewhat better than those in Group A, with significant differences in pain resolution and improved range of active abduction. Conclusions: Ketonal iontophoresis and combination treatment are effective methods for treating the sequelae of rotator cuff injuries. The combination treatment applied directly to myofascial trigger points produced somewhat better results than Ketonal iontophoresis.
Key words:
rotator cuff, iontophoresis, ultrasound, TENS, electrical stimulation
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An investigation of the effects of local thermotherapy on neuromuscular excitability in healthy people

Anna Kamykowska, Cezary Kucio, Piotr Król, Ryszard Zarzeczny, Robert Roczniok

Anna Kamykowska, Cezary Kucio, Piotr Król, Ryszard Zarzeczny, Robert Roczniok – An investigation of the effects of local thermotherapy on neuromuscular excitability in healthy people. Fizjoterapia Polska 2011; 11(3); 241-252

Abstract
The goal of the investigation was to assess neuromuscular excitability changes brought about by local cooling and warming procedures in healthy people divided into comparative groups A, B, C and D were tested for neuromuscular excitability changes. In each group, the subjects’ skin temperature was measured above the median nerve and the excitability of the flexor pollicis longus muscle stimulated indirectly via the median nerve was assessed using chronaxiemetry. Then the groups of subjects underwent respective procedures. In group A, the subjects received a 12-minute cooling procedure with gel packs at -10ºC. In group B, the subjects were applied a 2-minute cooling procedure using liquid nitrogen vapours at the temperature of –160ºC. In group C, microwave diathermy (2450 MHz) was applied to the subjects for 12 minutes. The subjects in group D received a 12-minute shortwave diathermy procedure (27 MHz). Skin temperature and chronaxie were measured again as soon as the procedures were complete and then the measurements were repeated for the third and last time 20 minutes later. Cooling procedures with gels at the temperature of -10ºC and liquid nitrogen vapours at the temperature of -160ºC as well as shortwave diathermy at 280 W inhibit neuromuscular excitability. This effect is maintained for at least 20 minutes following the procedure. Heating with microwave diathermy at 100 W does not reduce neuromuscular excitability.
Key words:
Cryotherapy, thermotherapy, Diathermy, Neuromuscular stimulation, neuromuscular excitability
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Physical fitness evaluation of drug addicts participating in the „Monar” rehabilitation program

Ryszard Zarzeczny, Rafał Rzońca, Dorota Zarzeczna, Anna Polak, Piotr Król

Ryszard Zarzeczny, Rafał Rzońca, Dorota Zarzeczna, Anna Polak, Piotr Król – Physical fitness evaluation of drug addicts participating in the „Monar” rehabilitation program. Fizjoterapia Polska 2011; 11(4); 341-349

Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of physical fitness level in drug addicts participating in an 18-month rehabilitation program organized by “Monar” Association Centre in Dębowiec. Materials and methods. The sample comprised 40 drug addicts participating in the rehabilitation program. Depending on the length of the therapy all patients were divided into 4 groups: 1) 0-3 months; 2) 4-6 months; 3) 7-9 months and 4) 16-18 months. Physical fitness of the patients was evaluated by the Harvard test, Ruffier test, Crampton test and volitional breath holding time. Results. the study outcome revealed a clear progress in the results obtained using the Harvard test and the volitional breath holding time. No significant between group differences were found in the Ruffier’s as well as in Crampton’s index. Conclusions. Physical fitness estimated by means of Harvard test and especially exercise tolerance of this test in drug-addicts who start treatment are low; however, they improve up to control level during the 18 month rehabilitation program. Exercise tests applied in the process of rehabilitation of drug addicts, based only on HR measurements in post-exercise recovery period may not properly reflect the real level of physical fitness.
Key words:
Physical Fitness, rehabilitation program, drug addicts
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An attempt at using focused shockwave therapy to treat selected orthopedic diseases – a preliminary report

Andrzej Franek, Damian Kusz, Jacek Durmała, Piotr Król, Robert Wilk, Ewa Detko, Bartosz Wnuk, Paweł Dolibog, Edward Błaszczak, Patrycja Dolibog, Lidia Wiercigroch, Jakub Taradaj

Andrzej Franek, Damian Kusz, Jacek Durmała, Piotr Król, Robert Wilk, Ewa Detko, Bartosz Wnuk, Paweł Dolibog, Edward Błaszczak, Patrycja Dolibog, Lidia Wiercigroch, Jakub Taradaj – An attempt at using focused shockwave therapy to treat selected orthopedic diseases – a preliminary report. Fizjoterapia Polska 2012; 12(2); 147-158

Abstract
Background. Focused shockwaves have been successfully used in orthopaedics and physiotherapy for over twenty years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of focused shockwaves in treating patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFH), as well as their effectiveness as a therapy for tennis elbow and symptomatic heel spurs.Material and methods. The study has covered to date 6 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFH) (stages I, II and III on the ARCO scale), 10 patients with tennis elbow (TE) and 6 patients with symptomatic heel spurs (HS). The patients were treated using focused shockwaves.Results. After treatment ended, pain intensity was noted to be statistically significantly lower in all groups of patients. In the OFH patients functional improvement could also be observed, as well as increased strength of wrist flexors and extensors and of finger flexors in the TE patients. The OFH and HS patients obtained better results in tests carried out on the tensometric platform. Conclusion. Focused shockwave is an effective and safe physical modality for treating early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, tennis elbow and symptomatic calcaneal spurs; its main advantage is good analgesic effect right after treatment. However, the delayed effects of the therapy need to be investigated to confirm its effectiveness.
Key words:
focused shockwave, necrosis of the femoral head, tennis elbow, calcaneal spurz
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