Tag: zdrowie dzieci

What is the importance of learning physical education, sports, and health for children? Systematic review and meta-analysis

Nurul Hidayatul Isnaini, Martono

Nurul Hidayatul Isnaini, Martono – What is the importance of learning physical education, sports, and health for children? Systematic review and meta-analysis –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 265-274

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19LUTE

Abstract
Children’s health and achievement in school is a shared responsibility, as they are the next generation and play an important role in the world’s development. Therefore, they need support that can prepare them for future needs. This study used a systematic review approach to understand the key factors of physical education, sport, and health (PESH) learning on children’s health and achievement in schools. The purpose of this study was to detail and analyze the existing literature to identify significant factors in the physical education learning process that can improve health and increase children’s achievement in school. Article selection was conducted through a thorough search of several major databases, with strict inclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the research. Two independent researchers conducted the article selection process to minimize bias. After article selection, data analysis was conducted to describe and categorize the identified key factors. The results of this systematic review revealed that the physical activity factor of sports games in PESH learning, as established in the curriculum, significantly impacts children’s health and achievement in school. Health aspects of children that can be improved after participating in PESH learning include increased fitness, improved motor skills, reduced risk of injury and support in post-injury rehabilitation, as well as the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. In addition, aspects of children’s achievement at school that can be improved include increased motivation to learn, enhanced cognitive abilities, and the development of social skills and character. The implications of these findings provide a basis for researchers, practitioners, and decision makers responsible for children’s development and health to create a more effective PESH learning process. Thus, the results of this systematic review clarify the contribution of physical education, sport, and health (PESH) learning to children’s growth and development.
Key words
physical education, physical activity, children’s health, children’s achievement
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Restitution of the values of multifaceted body posture features after various ways of carrying a 4-kilogram backpack at 7-year-old students of both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Wojciech Sznajder

 

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Wojciech Sznajder – Restitution of the values of multifaceted body posture features after various ways of carrying a 4-kilogram backpack at 7-year-old students of both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 393-412

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E13T16

Abstract
Introduction. The human body is shaped by internal conditions like asymmetry of structure and genetic determinants, as well as external conditions: motor habits, intellectual, spiritual and emotional experiences. Material, method. Body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 children aged 7 years using the projection moiré method in 4 positions: 1 – habitual posture, 2 – posture after 10 minutes of loading, 3 – after one minute after removing the load, 4 – after two minutes after removing the load. Results. The correlations between differences in the value of features in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes in the habitual posture with the values after a 10-minute load with a 4-kilogram backpack and with the values after a 2-minute restitution were analyzed. Conclusions. (1) The greatest disturbances after carrying a 4-kilogram backpack and a two-minute restitution occur in the frontal plane, less in sagittal and transversal planes (2) After a two-minute restitution, the smallest multifaceted disturbances in body posture are caused by carrying of two containers on the back – chest and on the back, largest with the left or right hand drag mode and on the chest. (3) Full restitution of the value of body posture features after carrying a backpack in any possible way and constituting 16-17% of the student’s body weight takes longer than 2 minutes, perpetuating the existing body posture disorders. (4) Due to the risk of restricting the movement of the chest when carrying two backpacks on the back-chest, it is recommended to carry it only on the back. (5) Further research should be undertaken on the effects of different percentages of backpack weight on student body posture in various ways of carrying.
Key words:
children’s health, moire topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor
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Restitution of the values of body posture features in sagittal and transversal planes after loading with the weight of a schoolbag carried on the right or left shoulder and its correlations with physical fitness among 7-year-old students of both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska – Restitution of the values of body posture features in sagittal and transversal planes after loading with the weight of a schoolbag carried on the right or left shoulder and its correlations with physical fitness among 7-year-old students of both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 405-423

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CZP3K

Abstract Introduction. The analysis of a student’s environment is a collection of stressors of human being ecology field. Material, method. The research of body posture was carried out in a group of 65 students aged 7 years, by projection moiré method in 6 positions. Measurement of physical fitness was done by the Sekita test. Results. The restitution of the obtained results of postural traits of boys and girls between 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 1st and 3rd and 1st and 4th measurements after loading on the left or right shoulder was analyzed. The relationships of the differences with the results of the Sekita fitness test were also studied. Conclusions: 1. There was no full restitution of postural features in the sagittal and transversal planes after the first and second minutes from removing the 4-kilogram weight of school supplies from the left or right shoulder carried boys and girls. 2. Due to the lack of full restitution of the value of postural features, the carrying of a 4-kilogram weight of school supplies on the left or right shoulder is not advisable for children aged 7. The obtained physical fitness does not support full restitution of the value of the features, which indicates its low level and immature corrective-compensatory process.
Key words: children’s health, moire topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor
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Restitution and the influence of different ways of carrying a 4-kilogram schoolbag on the body posture in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes at 7-year-old students in both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak

 

Mirosław Mrozkowiak – Restitution and the influence of different ways of carrying a 4-kilogram schoolbag on the body posture in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes at 7-year-old students in both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 324-349

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AADN

Abstract:
Introduction. The human body is shaped by internal conditions like structural asymmetry and genetic determinants, as well as external conditions such as kinesthetic habits, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional experiences.
Material, method. Body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 children aged 7 years, using the projection moiré method in four positions: (1) habitual posture, (2) posture after a 10-minute load with a 4-kilogram backpack, (3) one minute after the load was removed, (4) two minutes after the load was removed.
Results. The study analyzed the correlations between differences in body posture in frontal, sagittal, and transversal planes under various conditions. The findings show that the greatest disturbances during the transportation of the backpack and two-minute restitution occur in the frontal plane.
Conclusions. (1) The greatest disturbances occur in the frontal plane during the two-minute restitution phase. (2) The smallest postural disturbances occur when the backpack is carried on the back, while the greatest disturbances are caused by carrying it with one hand or on the chest.

Keywords:
children’s health, moiré topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor

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Which way of carrying a four-kilogram schoolbag disturbs the body posture the least and which disturbs the most in 7-year-old students of both sexes?

Mirosław Mrozkowiak

 

Mirosław Mrozkowiak –Which way of carrying a four-kilogram schoolbag disturbs the body posture the least and which disturbs the most in 7-year-old students of both sexes? Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 6-29

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20B24g

Abstract
Introduction. The aim of the research was to determine, which of the analyzed ways of carrying shows the strongest and the weakest correlations with the values after a 10-minute loading with a four-kilogram schoolbag after two-minute restitution. Material, method. The body posture research was carried among a group of 65 children aged 7 with the projection moiré in 4 positions: 1- habitual position, 2- position after a 10-minute loading, 3 – after one minute of the load removal and 4- after two minutes of the load removal. Results. There were analyzed correlations of the differences values of the frontal, sagittal and transversal plane features in a habitual position with the values after a ten-minute loading with a four-kilogram schoolbag as well as with values after two-minute restitution. Conclusions. (1) Carrying a four-kilogram loading in two equal containers on the chest and back or one on the back disturbs body posture statics the least of a 7-year-old student. (2) The fullest restitution of the values of body posture features takes place after carrying two equal containers on the chest and back or one on the back. (3) The most unfavourable changes of the values of body posture features during carrying and restitution appear when the schoolbag is carried on the chest and dragged with right or left hand.

Key words:
children’s health, moire topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor

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The difference of the influence of the weight of school supplies on body posture features in carrying on the right or left shoulder by 7-year-old students of both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak


Mirosław Mrozkowiak – The difference of the influence of the weight of school supplies on body posture features in carrying on the right or left shoulder by 7-year-old students of both sexes. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(3); 32-58

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG143751

Abstract
Introduction. Periodically, at the turn of August and September the problem of overloading children with too heavy schoolbags rises and it may initiate various disorders not only around the spine area. Material, method. The research on body posture was carried out in a group of 65 7-year-old students by Projection Moiré in 8 positions. First position – habitual position, second – after 10 min. of asymmetric loading on the left or right shoulder, third – after 1 min. of the load removal, and fourth – after 2 min. of the load removal. Results. There were analyses of significance of the differences between 1st and 2nd, 1st and 3rd, 1st and 4th, 2nd and 3rd, and 3rd and 4th measurement to determine the influence of loading and correlation of the differences with physical activity. It was also measured, which way of carrying disturbs the body posture less.
Conclusions.
1. A four-kilograms load of school supplies carried on the left or right shoulder disturbs significantly and negatively biomechanical body statics of a 7-year-old child, which may cause errors in long term perspective and consequently body posture disorders. Relatedly, this way of carrying school supplies is not recommended to first graders.
2. Physical fitness has more significant meaning in biomechanical body statics disorders in frontal plane than in sagittal and transversal plane, relatedly among boys than girls. Endurance and strength show the most common correlations with changes of values of body posture features. In sagittal and transversal plane speed and strength have the greatest meaning but in frontal plane it is endurance and strength.
3. Restitution of none of the analyzed values of body posture features was not complete after 1 and 2 min. when carrying on the left or right shoulder was terminated, which means low overall fitness and immature corrective-compensatory processes.

Key words:
children’s health, moiré topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor

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