Tag: sprawność fizyczna

Testing physical performance in children who regularly play football

Bartosz Rybczyński, Daria Przewłocka, Michał Kuszewski, Sandra Trzcińska

Bartosz Rybczyński, Daria Przewłocka, Michał Kuszewski, Sandra Trzcińska – Testing physical performance in children who regularly play football –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2026; 26(2); 6-11

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG560AM3Z8

 

Abstract
Introduction. Football is one of the most popular sports disciplines. Its growing popularity means that children and adolescents willingly participate in regular training, which positively affects their physical fitness.
Aim. To assess the physical fitness of children who systematically practice football.
Material and Methods. The study included 100 boys aged 8 to 10 years, who were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of boys training football (sports club players), while the control group consisted of boys not engaged in any sports activity. Each group included 50 participants. All subjects performed fitness tests. Three tests were analyzed: a slalom run, standing long jump, and hanging on a bar.
Results. Children in the study group completed the slalom run faster, achieved longer standing long jumps, and maintained the hanging position on the bar for a longer time compared to the control group.
In the hanging test, the control group scored 12.84 SD = 12.34, while the study group scored 19.68 SD = 9.63. In the slalom run test, the control group scored 12.42 SD = 1.26, and the study group 11.12 SD = 0.81. In the standing long jump, the control group scored 1.35 SD = 0.21, and the study group 1.54 SD = 0.16. The results indicate higher mean values in the study group across all analyzed tests.
Conclusions. Fitness tests indicate an advantage of physically active children, particularly in the hanging on a bar test.
Key words
physical fitness, children, football training, motor coordination, muscular strength
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Position-specific performance metrics of professional football players. A multidimensional analysis

Kartono Pramdhan, Asep Angga Permadi, Irwan Hermawan, Ricky Ferrari Valentino Ward, Nanang Kusnadi, Abu Bakar

Kartono Pramdhan, Asep Angga Permadi, Irwan Hermawan, Ricky Ferrari Valentino Ward, Nanang Kusnadi, Abu Bakar – Position-specific performance metrics of professional football players. A multidimensional analysis –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 183-187

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19Y1TI

Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the differences in physical performance among professional football players based on their playing position: goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward. The background to this study stems from the need for coaching staff to understand the specific physical demands of each position to optimise training programmes and match strategies. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative design was used. The study subjects consisted of 11 professional players from Liga 1 Indonesia clubs, grouped by their main positions. Performance measurements included VO₂ max (yoyo test) and football performance analysis (Catapult One). The results of the performance analysis by position showed functionally significant differences in physical characteristics. Midfielders recorded the highest performance with a VO₂ max of 62.35 ml/kg/min, intensity of 200.07 m/min, and maximum speed of 20.22 m/s, emphasising their role as the motor of the game. Defenders covered the longest distance (7,611.68 m) with a duration of 96.84 minutes, reflecting high stability and endurance. Forwards were dominant in sprinting (B5: 164.67 m; B6: 115.89 m) and speed (12.22 m/s), matching the explosive demands of attacking. Goalkeepers had the lowest intensity (VO₂ max: 56.18 ml/kg/min; distance: 5,708.76 m), but still recorded high reaction speed (10.52 m/s). These findings support the importance of position-based training and performance data for tactical efficiency and performance optimisation.
Key words
position-specific performance, professional football, physical fitness, agility, VO2max
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Restitution of the values of multifaceted body posture features after various ways of carrying a 4-kilogram backpack at 7-year-old students of both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Wojciech Sznajder

 

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Wojciech Sznajder – Restitution of the values of multifaceted body posture features after various ways of carrying a 4-kilogram backpack at 7-year-old students of both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 393-412

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E13T16

Abstract
Introduction. The human body is shaped by internal conditions like asymmetry of structure and genetic determinants, as well as external conditions: motor habits, intellectual, spiritual and emotional experiences. Material, method. Body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 children aged 7 years using the projection moiré method in 4 positions: 1 – habitual posture, 2 – posture after 10 minutes of loading, 3 – after one minute after removing the load, 4 – after two minutes after removing the load. Results. The correlations between differences in the value of features in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes in the habitual posture with the values after a 10-minute load with a 4-kilogram backpack and with the values after a 2-minute restitution were analyzed. Conclusions. (1) The greatest disturbances after carrying a 4-kilogram backpack and a two-minute restitution occur in the frontal plane, less in sagittal and transversal planes (2) After a two-minute restitution, the smallest multifaceted disturbances in body posture are caused by carrying of two containers on the back – chest and on the back, largest with the left or right hand drag mode and on the chest. (3) Full restitution of the value of body posture features after carrying a backpack in any possible way and constituting 16-17% of the student’s body weight takes longer than 2 minutes, perpetuating the existing body posture disorders. (4) Due to the risk of restricting the movement of the chest when carrying two backpacks on the back-chest, it is recommended to carry it only on the back. (5) Further research should be undertaken on the effects of different percentages of backpack weight on student body posture in various ways of carrying.
Key words:
children’s health, moire topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor
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High-intensity interval training for patients with diabetes mellitus. A scoping review

Muhammad Irfan Alhady, Farid Rahman

Muhammad Irfan Alhady, Farid Rahman – High-intensity interval training for patients with diabetes mellitus. A scoping review –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 417-429

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DGAWB

Abstract
Background. The spread of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, significantly affecting public health. Management of this chronic condition requires effective strategies to control blood glucose levels and improve overall health. High-intensity interval training is emerging as a potential non-pharmacological approach to managing diabetes.
Aim. To investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training in improving glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and overall physical fitness in patients with diabetes mellitus. It also sought to identify the most effective high-intensity interval training protocols and provide recommendations for their application in diabetes management.
Material and methods. The method used in this study is a scoping review, which aims to find answers to questions from researchers related to the literature on the research topic. The collected articles were synthesized using the TIDIER checklist, and articles were searched through various databases.
Result. After conducting the article selection process, which can be seen in Figure 1, 35 suitable articles were found. The details of articles related to population, interventions, outcome measures, and risk of bias can be seen in Table 1.
Conclusion. High-intensity interval training presents a viable and superior exercise strategy for managing diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, provided that appropriate protocols are followed. However, further research is needed to standardize high-intensity interval training protocols and evaluate long-term impacts.
Key words
diabetes mellitus, high-intensity interval training, insulin resistance, glycemic control, blood pressure, physical fitness, quality of life
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Design and validation of a healthy lifestyle module for matriculation co-curricular courses using the Fuzzy Delphi Method

Fadhilah Ahmad, Mohd Izwan Shahril

Fadhilah Ahmad, Mohd Izwan Shahril – Design and validation of a healthy lifestyle module for matriculation co-curricular courses using the Fuzzy Delphi Method –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 268-274

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DWPMS

Abstract
Background and study aim. The purpose of this study is to expand the Healthy Lifestyle Module (MoGHS) using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) for use as a co-curricular study related to the matriculation program. Expert consensus was obtained on the module’s constructs and items, including physical fitness, stress management, and healthy nutrition.
Material and methods. The study employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method, a systematic approach for achieving expert consensus on the validity and reliability of the Healthy Lifestyle Module.
Results. Based on the FDM analysis, six main constructs were validated at the threshold value of less than 0.2 and an agreement percentage above 75%. At the same time, 44 out of 47 proposed items were accepted, thus meeting      educational requirements.
Conclusions. The module is holistically tailored to go beyond traditional health education, fostering soft skills such as discipline, teamwork, and time management. This module serves as a comprehensive tool for promoting healthy lifestyle practices and fostering soft skills among students, contributing to their holistic development in co-curricular education. Its adaptability underscores the module’s potential as a valuable resource for promoting healthy lifestyle practices in diverse populations.
Key words
fuzzy Delphi method, healthy lifestyle module, physical fitness, stress management, healthy nutrition, co-curriculum
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Does three sessions of 12-week plyometric training per week improve physical fitness parameters in professional male soccer players? A randomized controlled trial

Deepak Siby, Navaraj Chelliah Jesus Rajkumar, Nirmal Michael Salvi, Debajit Karmakar, Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Farjana Akter Boby, Yuni Astuti

Deepak Siby et al. – Does three sessions of 12-week plyometric training per week improve physical fitness parameters in professional male soccer players? A randomized controlled trial –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 84-93

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DDZ6Q

Abstract
Background. Plyometric training is recognized for enhancing various physical fitness parameters critical to athletic performance, particularly in soccer players.
Purpose. This study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week plyometric training program, conducted three times per week, on key fitness parameters in professional male soccer players.
Methods. A total of 40 professional male soccer players were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n=20) and a plyometric training group (PTG, n=20). Participants (mean height = 176.14±3.28 cm, weight = 68.24±2.17 kg, and age = 20.31±2.30 years) underwent a 12-week plyometric training intervention. Fitness assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, measuring agility (t-test), balance (stork stand test), speed (50 m dash), power (medicine ball throw test), explosive power (vertical jump), leg strength (standing broad jump), and core strength (sit-up test).
Results. Significant improvements (p < 0.001) were observed in the PTG across all fitness parameters compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of plyometric training in enhancing physical fitness in soccer players.
Conclusion. The 12-week plyometric training program positively impacted agility, balance, speed, power, explosive power, leg strength, and core strength in professional male soccer players, suggesting it as a valuable regimen for improving overall physical performance.
Key words
plyometric training, physical fitness, agility, balance, speed, power, soccer, strength
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Restitution of the values of body posture features in sagittal and transversal planes after loading with the weight of a schoolbag carried on the right or left shoulder and its correlations with physical fitness among 7-year-old students of both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska – Restitution of the values of body posture features in sagittal and transversal planes after loading with the weight of a schoolbag carried on the right or left shoulder and its correlations with physical fitness among 7-year-old students of both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 405-423

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CZP3K

Abstract Introduction. The analysis of a student’s environment is a collection of stressors of human being ecology field. Material, method. The research of body posture was carried out in a group of 65 students aged 7 years, by projection moiré method in 6 positions. Measurement of physical fitness was done by the Sekita test. Results. The restitution of the obtained results of postural traits of boys and girls between 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 1st and 3rd and 1st and 4th measurements after loading on the left or right shoulder was analyzed. The relationships of the differences with the results of the Sekita fitness test were also studied. Conclusions: 1. There was no full restitution of postural features in the sagittal and transversal planes after the first and second minutes from removing the 4-kilogram weight of school supplies from the left or right shoulder carried boys and girls. 2. Due to the lack of full restitution of the value of postural features, the carrying of a 4-kilogram weight of school supplies on the left or right shoulder is not advisable for children aged 7. The obtained physical fitness does not support full restitution of the value of the features, which indicates its low level and immature corrective-compensatory process.
Key words: children’s health, moire topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor
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Wizualizacja globalnych trendów badawczych dotyczących sportowców na emeryturze za pomocą analizy bibliometrycznej: możliwości opracowania ćwiczeń dla sportowców na emeryturze w przyszłych badaniach

Dewi Nurhidayah, Yudik Prasetyo, Panggung Sutapa, Bernadeta Suhartini, Fitri Agung Nanda, Kartini

 

Dewi Nurhidayah, Yudik Prasetyo, Panggung Sutapa, Bernadeta Suhartini, Fitri Agung Nanda, Kartini – The frequency and severity of urinary incontinence symptoms in the group of adult physically active women –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 17-25

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020C5CUN

Abstract
This study aims to explore future research directions concerning retired athletes through a bibliometric analysis based on a literature review, utilizing the VOS Viewer application. The research employs a literature review methodology incorporating three tools: Harzing’s Publish or Perish, Mendeley Desktop, and VOS Viewer. Harzing’s Publish or Perish was used to identify articles published in international journals indexed in Scopus from 2016 to 2024 using the keyword “retired athlete.” Mendeley Desktop and VOS Viewer were applied to filter and categorize articles by keywords, as well as to analyze performance, co-citation, bibliographic integration, and scientific mapping. An initial search with Harzing’s Publish or Perish yielded 153 articles. After thematic filtering, 96 articles were retained, and 33 were further analyzed using VOS Viewer. The keyword analysis, based on clustering, highlights prevalent challenges faced by retired athletes, including mental health, well-being, quality of life, physical activity, risk factors, suicide, and career transitions. However, prevention strategies addressing these issues remain underexplored. Consequently, research on preventive measures, such as the development of educational and training models to help retired athletes maintain their fitness, quality of life, and overall well-being, presents a promising avenue for future studies.
Key words
bibliometric analysis, retired athletes, fitness, quality of life, well-being, future research
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he influence of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on physical education academic achievement. A study on grade V school students

Muhammad Wigi Saputra, Soni Nopembri, Hari Yuliarto, Amri Hartanto

 

Muhammad Wigi Saputra, Soni Nopembri, Hari Yuliarto, Amri Hartanto – The influence of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on physical education academic achievement. A study on grade V school students –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 393-399

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020A1JC

Abstract:
Background and Study Aim. Much of the crisis in the current education system is caused by students’ low physical fitness and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on the academic achievement of Physical Education of Grade V Primary School students.
Materials and Methods. This research is correlational. The subjects were Class V students in elementary schools, with a sample size of 115 students (66 males, 49 females, ages 10-12) selected through random sampling. Academic achievement was measured through Physical Education report card scores, physical fitness through the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI), and physical self-confidence through a self-confidence scale. Data analysis was performed using regression techniques via SPSS 21.
Results. Physical fitness positively affected self-confidence (r = 0.259, p = 0.005 < 0.05) and Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.513, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Self-confidence also significantly impacted Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.519, p = 0.000 < 0.05).
Conclusion. Better physical fitness enhances students’ self-confidence and positively influences their academic performance in Physical Education.

Keywords:
physical fitness, self-confidence, physical education academic achievement

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Restitution and the influence of different ways of carrying a 4-kilogram schoolbag on the body posture in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes at 7-year-old students in both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak

 

Mirosław Mrozkowiak – Restitution and the influence of different ways of carrying a 4-kilogram schoolbag on the body posture in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes at 7-year-old students in both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 324-349

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AADN

Abstract:
Introduction. The human body is shaped by internal conditions like structural asymmetry and genetic determinants, as well as external conditions such as kinesthetic habits, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional experiences.
Material, method. Body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 children aged 7 years, using the projection moiré method in four positions: (1) habitual posture, (2) posture after a 10-minute load with a 4-kilogram backpack, (3) one minute after the load was removed, (4) two minutes after the load was removed.
Results. The study analyzed the correlations between differences in body posture in frontal, sagittal, and transversal planes under various conditions. The findings show that the greatest disturbances during the transportation of the backpack and two-minute restitution occur in the frontal plane.
Conclusions. (1) The greatest disturbances occur in the frontal plane during the two-minute restitution phase. (2) The smallest postural disturbances occur when the backpack is carried on the back, while the greatest disturbances are caused by carrying it with one hand or on the chest.

Keywords:
children’s health, moiré topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor

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