Tag: physical fitness

High-intensity interval training for patients with diabetes mellitus. A scoping review

Muhammad Irfan Alhady, Farid Rahman

Muhammad Irfan Alhady, Farid Rahman – High-intensity interval training for patients with diabetes mellitus. A scoping review –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 417-429

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DGAWB

Abstract
Background. The spread of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, significantly affecting public health. Management of this chronic condition requires effective strategies to control blood glucose levels and improve overall health. High-intensity interval training is emerging as a potential non-pharmacological approach to managing diabetes.
Aim. To investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training in improving glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and overall physical fitness in patients with diabetes mellitus. It also sought to identify the most effective high-intensity interval training protocols and provide recommendations for their application in diabetes management.
Material and methods. The method used in this study is a scoping review, which aims to find answers to questions from researchers related to the literature on the research topic. The collected articles were synthesized using the TIDIER checklist, and articles were searched through various databases.
Result. After conducting the article selection process, which can be seen in Figure 1, 35 suitable articles were found. The details of articles related to population, interventions, outcome measures, and risk of bias can be seen in Table 1.
Conclusion. High-intensity interval training presents a viable and superior exercise strategy for managing diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, provided that appropriate protocols are followed. However, further research is needed to standardize high-intensity interval training protocols and evaluate long-term impacts.
Key words
diabetes mellitus, high-intensity interval training, insulin resistance, glycemic control, blood pressure, physical fitness, quality of life
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Design and validation of a healthy lifestyle module for matriculation co-curricular courses using the Fuzzy Delphi Method

Fadhilah Ahmad, Mohd Izwan Shahril

Fadhilah Ahmad, Mohd Izwan Shahril – Design and validation of a healthy lifestyle module for matriculation co-curricular courses using the Fuzzy Delphi Method –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 268-274

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DWPMS

Abstract
Background and study aim. The purpose of this study is to expand the Healthy Lifestyle Module (MoGHS) using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) for use as a co-curricular study related to the matriculation program. Expert consensus was obtained on the module’s constructs and items, including physical fitness, stress management, and healthy nutrition.
Material and methods. The study employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method, a systematic approach for achieving expert consensus on the validity and reliability of the Healthy Lifestyle Module.
Results. Based on the FDM analysis, six main constructs were validated at the threshold value of less than 0.2 and an agreement percentage above 75%. At the same time, 44 out of 47 proposed items were accepted, thus meeting      educational requirements.
Conclusions. The module is holistically tailored to go beyond traditional health education, fostering soft skills such as discipline, teamwork, and time management. This module serves as a comprehensive tool for promoting healthy lifestyle practices and fostering soft skills among students, contributing to their holistic development in co-curricular education. Its adaptability underscores the module’s potential as a valuable resource for promoting healthy lifestyle practices in diverse populations.
Key words
fuzzy Delphi method, healthy lifestyle module, physical fitness, stress management, healthy nutrition, co-curriculum
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Does three sessions of 12-week plyometric training per week improve physical fitness parameters in professional male soccer players? A randomized controlled trial

Deepak Siby, Navaraj Chelliah Jesus Rajkumar, Nirmal Michael Salvi, Debajit Karmakar, Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Farjana Akter Boby, Yuni Astuti

Deepak Siby et al. – Does three sessions of 12-week plyometric training per week improve physical fitness parameters in professional male soccer players? A randomized controlled trial –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(1); 84-93

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG007DDZ6Q

Abstract
Background. Plyometric training is recognized for enhancing various physical fitness parameters critical to athletic performance, particularly in soccer players.
Purpose. This study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week plyometric training program, conducted three times per week, on key fitness parameters in professional male soccer players.
Methods. A total of 40 professional male soccer players were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n=20) and a plyometric training group (PTG, n=20). Participants (mean height = 176.14±3.28 cm, weight = 68.24±2.17 kg, and age = 20.31±2.30 years) underwent a 12-week plyometric training intervention. Fitness assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, measuring agility (t-test), balance (stork stand test), speed (50 m dash), power (medicine ball throw test), explosive power (vertical jump), leg strength (standing broad jump), and core strength (sit-up test).
Results. Significant improvements (p < 0.001) were observed in the PTG across all fitness parameters compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of plyometric training in enhancing physical fitness in soccer players.
Conclusion. The 12-week plyometric training program positively impacted agility, balance, speed, power, explosive power, leg strength, and core strength in professional male soccer players, suggesting it as a valuable regimen for improving overall physical performance.
Key words
plyometric training, physical fitness, agility, balance, speed, power, soccer, strength
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Restitution of the values of body posture features in sagittal and transversal planes after loading with the weight of a schoolbag carried on the right or left shoulder and its correlations with physical fitness among 7-year-old students of both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska

Mirosław Mrozkowiak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska – Restitution of the values of body posture features in sagittal and transversal planes after loading with the weight of a schoolbag carried on the right or left shoulder and its correlations with physical fitness among 7-year-old students of both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 405-423

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CZP3K

Abstract Introduction. The analysis of a student’s environment is a collection of stressors of human being ecology field. Material, method. The research of body posture was carried out in a group of 65 students aged 7 years, by projection moiré method in 6 positions. Measurement of physical fitness was done by the Sekita test. Results. The restitution of the obtained results of postural traits of boys and girls between 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 1st and 3rd and 1st and 4th measurements after loading on the left or right shoulder was analyzed. The relationships of the differences with the results of the Sekita fitness test were also studied. Conclusions: 1. There was no full restitution of postural features in the sagittal and transversal planes after the first and second minutes from removing the 4-kilogram weight of school supplies from the left or right shoulder carried boys and girls. 2. Due to the lack of full restitution of the value of postural features, the carrying of a 4-kilogram weight of school supplies on the left or right shoulder is not advisable for children aged 7. The obtained physical fitness does not support full restitution of the value of the features, which indicates its low level and immature corrective-compensatory process.
Key words: children’s health, moire topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor
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he influence of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on physical education academic achievement. A study on grade V school students

Muhammad Wigi Saputra, Soni Nopembri, Hari Yuliarto, Amri Hartanto

 

Muhammad Wigi Saputra, Soni Nopembri, Hari Yuliarto, Amri Hartanto – The influence of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on physical education academic achievement. A study on grade V school students –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 393-399

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020A1JC

Abstract:
Background and Study Aim. Much of the crisis in the current education system is caused by students’ low physical fitness and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on the academic achievement of Physical Education of Grade V Primary School students.
Materials and Methods. This research is correlational. The subjects were Class V students in elementary schools, with a sample size of 115 students (66 males, 49 females, ages 10-12) selected through random sampling. Academic achievement was measured through Physical Education report card scores, physical fitness through the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI), and physical self-confidence through a self-confidence scale. Data analysis was performed using regression techniques via SPSS 21.
Results. Physical fitness positively affected self-confidence (r = 0.259, p = 0.005 < 0.05) and Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.513, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Self-confidence also significantly impacted Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.519, p = 0.000 < 0.05).
Conclusion. Better physical fitness enhances students’ self-confidence and positively influences their academic performance in Physical Education.

Keywords:
physical fitness, self-confidence, physical education academic achievement

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Restitution and the influence of different ways of carrying a 4-kilogram schoolbag on the body posture in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes at 7-year-old students in both sexes

Mirosław Mrozkowiak

 

Mirosław Mrozkowiak – Restitution and the influence of different ways of carrying a 4-kilogram schoolbag on the body posture in the frontal, sagittal and transversal planes at 7-year-old students in both sexes –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 324-349

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AADN

Abstract:
Introduction. The human body is shaped by internal conditions like structural asymmetry and genetic determinants, as well as external conditions such as kinesthetic habits, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional experiences.
Material, method. Body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 children aged 7 years, using the projection moiré method in four positions: (1) habitual posture, (2) posture after a 10-minute load with a 4-kilogram backpack, (3) one minute after the load was removed, (4) two minutes after the load was removed.
Results. The study analyzed the correlations between differences in body posture in frontal, sagittal, and transversal planes under various conditions. The findings show that the greatest disturbances during the transportation of the backpack and two-minute restitution occur in the frontal plane.
Conclusions. (1) The greatest disturbances occur in the frontal plane during the two-minute restitution phase. (2) The smallest postural disturbances occur when the backpack is carried on the back, while the greatest disturbances are caused by carrying it with one hand or on the chest.

Keywords:
children’s health, moiré topography, physical fitness, postural asymmetry factor

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Effectiveness of High-Intensity Circuit Training on Physical Fitness Among Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials

Mariappan Mahalingam, Samit Saibya, Gayatri Pandey, Debajit Karmakar, Yajuvendra Singh Rajpoot, Masilamani Elayaraja, Sambhu Prasad, Pema Khandu Lachungpa, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Hemantajit Gogoi

 

Mariappan Mahalingam et al.– Effectiveness of High-Intensity Circuit Training on Physical Fitness Among Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 145-157

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AWUR

Abstract:
Background and Aim of the Study: The continuous evolution of sports and athletics necessitates innovative training strategies to optimize athletes’ performance and physical fitness. High-Intensity Circuit Training (HICT) has emerged as a time-efficient method that combines high-intensity exercises with minimal rest, targeting various muscle groups to enhance physical fitness components. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HICT on physical fitness components among athletes to provide a clear, evidence-based understanding of HICT’s benefits and limitations.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed, retrieving articles published before September 24, 2023, from databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The selection process followed the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on studies that assessed the impact of HICT on athletes’ physical fitness. The quality of included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale, and data synthesis was conducted to summarize findings on various physical fitness components.
Results: The review included 13 studies, highlighting HICT’s positive effects on muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, balance, power, body composition, and cardiovascular endurance. Improvements were noted in neuromuscular efficiency, muscle power, coordination, and cardiovascular fitness, which are crucial for athletic performance. However, the review also identified variability in training adaptations and the need for sport-specific exercises to maximize the benefits of HICT for speed and power enhancements.
Conclusions: HICT is a versatile and effective training modality that can significantly improve various aspects of athletes’ physical fitness. Incorporating targeted, sport-specific exercises into HICT programs could further optimize performance enhancements. Despite promising findings, the review acknowledges methodological heterogeneity among studies and calls for further research to refine HICT protocols for athletes.

Keywords:
High-Intensity Circuit Training, Physical Fitness, Athletic Performance, Training Adaptations

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The effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight circuit training on the physical fitness of naval officers

Zulkarnaen, Sumaryanto, Ahmad Nasrulloh, Ari Iswanto, Susanto

Zulkarnaen, Sumaryanto, Ahmad Nasrulloh, Ari Iswanto, Susanto – The effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight circuit training on the physical fitness of naval officers – Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(2); 337-343

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG56087ES

Abstract
This study aims to: 1) determine the difference in the effect of Circuit body weight and Tabata Workout on the physical fitness of Pasis Dikreg Seskoal, 2) determine the difference in the effect of exercise intensity (high and low intensity) on the physical fitness of Pasis Dikreg Seskoal, 3) determine the interaction between Circuit Body Weight and Tabata Work Out with exercise intensity (high and low intensity) on the physical fitness of Pasis Dikreg. This study used factorial design research, comparing experimental classes using the circuit body weight method and the tabata workout method by considering the level of intensity as a moderator variable. The population in this study were all Seskoal Dikreg Pasis T.A. 2023 61st batch with a total of 90 people. The sample technique used in this study was total sampling. So the number of samples in this study were 90 Pasis Dikreg Seskoal 61st batch of 2023 academic year. The research techniques used are tests and measurements, in this study using the battery A and battery B test systems that have been commonly used by the TNI. The data analysis technique in this study used the MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) analysis method with the help of the SPSS version 23.00 data processing program. Based on the analysis of research results and discussion: 1) There is a significant effect of Circuit body weight training and Tabata Workout on the physical fitness of Pasis Dikreg Seskoal, with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, 2) There is a significant effect of training intensity on the physical fitness of Pasis Dikreg Seskoal, with multivariate analysis of F 677 values, and a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, and a decrease in body fat percentage of 6.80%, 3) High intensity circuit body weight training is more effective than Tabata Work Out training, this is evident from the significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, namely the results of Circuit Body Weight Training training increased by 5.14% while high intensity Tabata Work Out training increased by 0.63%.
Keywords
influence, circuit body weigt, tabata workout, physical fitness
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Exercise for success: how fitness boosts high school students’ minds and moods

Baharuddin Hasan, Ardo Okilanda, Dede Dwiansyah Putra, Yogi Arnaldo Putra, Alonzo L Mortejo

Baharuddin Hasan, Ardo Okilanda, Dede Dwiansyah Putra, Yogi Arnaldo Putra, Alonzo L Mortejo – Exercise for success: how fitness boosts high school students’ minds and moods – Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(2); 280-286

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG5608O1J

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the intricate connections between physical fitness, cognitive performance, and emotional well-being among senior high school students. The objective is to gain a detailed understanding of the potential effects of organised physical fitness programmes in an educational setting. The main goal is to investigate the relationships between distinct aspects of physical fitness, including cardiovascular fitness, strength, and flexibility, and their impact on cognitive and emotional outcomes. To achieve these goals, a purposive sampling technique was used to choose 33 senior high school students. The selection process took into account criteria such as age, gender, and educational background to ensure varied representation. Participants engaged in a carefully planned and organised physical fitness programme that included aerobic workouts, strength training, and flexibility routines. The programme was consistently implemented in a controlled atmosphere. Preliminary evaluations of physical fitness, cognitive capacities, and emotional welfare were carried out before the intervention, setting a benchmark for further studies. The pre- and post-intervention evaluations encompassed standardised assessments of cognitive ability, physical fitness measurements (including cardiovascular fitness, strength, and flexibility), and self-report questionnaires measuring emotional well-being. Statistical techniques, such as paired-sample t-tests and correlation analyses, were used to detect significant changes and relationships. The findings demonstrated substantial enhancements in memory capacity, attention span, and problem-solving abilities following the training. Participants demonstrated improved cardiovascular fitness, strength, and flexibility, indicating favable physical results. The self-reported emotional well-being showed a significant augmentation. Correlation analyses revealed significant connections between cardiovascular fitness and memory capacity, strength and attention span, flexibility, and problem-solving skills, indicating complex connections between physical fitness and cognitive function. Moreover, notable associations were seen among cardiovascular fitness, strength, flexibility, and emotional well-being, underscoring the potential psychosomatic advantages of well-organised physical training programmes.
Keywords
physical fitness, cognitive performance, emotional well-being
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Early sedentary behavior symptoms investigation on nutrition, physical fitness, and behavioral setting for novice sports science students

Sigit Nugroho, Yudik Prasetyo, Sulistiyono, Rizki Mulyawan, Fatemeh Nourzad

Sigit Nugroho, Yudik Prasetyo, Sulistiyono, Rizki Mulyawan, Fatemeh Nourzad – Early sedentary behavior symptoms investigation on nutrition, physical fitness, and behavioral setting for novice sports science students – Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(2); 144-149

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG5608X9E

Abstract
This study investigates the condition of (1) nutritional status, (2) physical fitness, (3) physical activity patterns of sports science study program students after the pandemic. The research method uses quantitative methods with analytical observational design. The research subjects were sports students from the Sports Science study program, FIKK UNY. The subjects were active students totaling around 50 participants determined using purposive sampling techniques. Physical fitness data collection techniques use the BMI formula, bleep test and GPAQ questionnaire. Techniques for analyzing data with homogeneity and normality. The results obtained from nutritional status and cardiovascular fitness can be said to be still unsatisfactory, nutritional status is in the normal or ideal category, but the range of cardiovascular abilities is still in the adequate category for men and inadequate for women. Meanwhile, the measurement results from filling out the GPAQ questionnaire show that there is still a need to increase awareness of the importance of physical activity, indicated by transportation and recreational activities of moderate intensity which are still in the category of not meeting the recommendations, even though heavy, moderate physical activity and vigorous recreational activities meet the recommendations. Nutritional status is still in the normal category, but the range of cardiovascular abilities is still in the adequate category for men and inadequate for women. This is positively correlated with moderate intensity physical activity patterns, transportation and recreation, which are still in the category of not meeting recommendations. The sedentary habits usually carried out by sports students must be able to be transferred as soon as possible to more useful and productive movement activities. Amount of leisure time for physical activity is still relatively low, whereas other moderate to vigorous physical activity habits are beginning to resurface. There must be an intentional strategy to provide suggestions on how to spend free time performing activities outdoors or indoors.
Keywords
nutritional status, physical fitness, physical avtivity
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