Tag: Danuta Lietz-Kijak

The use of transcranial direct current stimulation in clinical and healthy populations

Małgorzata Wójcik, Přemysl Vlček, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Eugen Kvašňák, Marcela Grünerová-Lippertová

Małgorzata Wójcik, Přemysl Vlček, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Eugen Kvašňák, Marcela Grünerová-Lippertová – The use of transcranial direct current stimulation in clinical and healthy populations –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(4); 242-244

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA4312XAN

 

Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a widely investigated non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has emerged as a promising approach for regulating cortical excitability and modulating brain function. It operates by delivering a constant, low-intensity electrical current through scalp-mounted electrodes, thereby altering neuronal membrane potentials and inducing lasting modifications in synaptic plasticity. The tDCS procedure is non-invasive and relatively easy to administer, which makes it applicable across a wide range of clinical conditions. This form of stimulation is frequently employed in neurological and psychiatric disorders, but it is also applied in healthy individuals. Its use in other clinical conditions also appears promising due to the potential to facilitate recovery.
Key words
transcranial direct current stimulation, neuromodulation, cortical excitability, brain function, clinical application, healthy individuals
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The impact of individually selected PORON heel lifts, foot supination, and limb axial alignment on body balance – a multicenter study

Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Anna Lubkowska, Ewa Stachowska, Krzysztof Konior, Alina Kirpichnikova, Marcelina Bitenc-Jasiejko, Małgorzata Barszczewska, Dominika Dachtera, Natalia Dąbrowska, Kinga Gonta, Patrycja Janta, Joanna Jarosławska, Beata Klus, Tomasz Kowalik, Marta Krysiak, Wojciech Kuliczkowski, Tomasz Kupc, Aneta Mandrosa, Rafał Michalski, Anna Morzyńska, Rafał Mosur, Natalia Pachulska, Dawid Paradziński, Izabela Plewa, Klaudia Stankowska, Marta Stelmaszczyk, Anna Szewczyk, Marta Szewczyk, Damian Szyguła, Marzena Tuszkowska, Magdalena Walasek, Anna Walińska, Mariola Wawełczyk-Polotzek, Barbara Wrocławska, Krystiana Kijak, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

 

Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko et al. – The impact of individually selected PORON heel lifts, foot supination, and limb axial alignment on body balance – a multicenter study –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 317-331

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E1CVPM

Abstract
The center of pressure (COP) on the feet is a crucial parameter providing information about structural and postural balance. A disturbance in this global pattern causes or reflects dysfunctions in the distribution of tension within the body. Postural disorders that manifest as an imbalance of the center of gravity in the sagittal plane lead to multisegmental ergonomic disturbances of the musculoskeletal system, resulting in compensations, pain, and, over time, structural overload changes and defects. Early detection of anterior-posterior load imbalances and their correction is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
Objective. To assess the impact of individually selected PORON heel lifts and lower limb correction in the transverse plane on body balance.
Methods. The study included 96 participants (n=100%), including 62 women (nf% = 64.58%) and 34 men (nm% = 35.42%), aged 15 to 80 years. The average weight of the participants was 75 kg (SD = 18.244), their average height was 1.705 m (SD = 0.093), and their average BMI was 24.81 (SD = 5.009). Exclusion criteria. Individuals diagnosed with significant foot and lower limb deformities or conditions significantly affecting body balance. A pedobarographic examination (EPS R2) was conducted while participants stood barefoot. Each test lasted 20 seconds, with a sampling rate of 1 ms (20,000 samples per test). The study included four trials: trial 0 in free standing, trial 1 with a 3 mm PORON heel lift, trial 2 with a 6 mm heel lift, and trial 3 in the lower limb correction test in the transverse plane (rotation).
Results. The study demonstrated a significant effect of using a low PORON offloading heel lift on balancing anterior-posterior pressure distribution on the feet.
The median heel underload in the control test (without correction) was −7.05% (interquartile range [−11.1%; −1.2%]). The greatest change was observed with the 6 mm heel lift (−3.0%; [−7.2%; +3.0%]). The Kruskal–Wallis statistical significance test for comparing all trials showed a significant difference (χ²[3] = 15.47, p=0.001). The Wilcoxon rank sum test, used to analyze statistical significance between individual trials, indicated a significant difference between trial 0 and trial 2 (p = 0.001) and between trial 0 and trial 3 (p = 0.036). The difference between trial 0 and trial 1 was nearly significant (p=0.054). The study found no significant effect of the interventions on lateral (right–left) pressure distribution (χ²[3] = 0.87, p = 0.834). Statistical analysis of 10 body balance parameters showed a significant difference between trials only in parameters describing body oscillations in the sagittal plane. The COP–barycenter angle of the feet significantly decreased (χ²[3] = 15.01, p=0.002), while the mean COP distance along the Y-axis significantly increased (χ²[3] = 10.01, p = 0.018).
Conclusions. For postural disorders that shift the center of gravity forward and affect balance in the sagittal plane, the use of PORON heel lifts is justified. Given that the PORON material used in the study is an offloading material with a hardness of approximately 15 Shore and that our applied interventions were significantly lower than those previously studied, these solutions reduce the undesired effects of heel elevation while increasing comfort and footwear compatibility.
Manual correction of the lower limb in the transverse plane also positively influences anterior–posterior COP balance, shifting weight distribution backward. The combination of heel offloading and correction of foot overpronation has a significant impact on relieving pressure on the forefoot, improving standing posture ergonomics, and promoting postural re-education from a forward-leaning position.
Statistical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical software, version 4.3.0 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Vienna, Austria). Given the significant non-normality of variable distribution in the trials, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. The Wilcoxon rank sum test (also known as the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test), with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, was used to identify trial pairs where significant differences occurred. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Key words
PORON heel lifts, postural balance, foot supination, anterior-posterior pressure
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The effect of local cryotherapy on temperature changes in the ankle joint in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Bartosz Pańczyszak, Katarzyna Bogacz, Łukasz Mączka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Jacek Łuniewski, Anna Szczegielniak, Jan Szczegielniak

 

Bartosz Pańczyszak et al. – The effect of local cryotherapy on temperature changes in the ankle joint in individuals with chronic ankle instability –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(2); 172-177

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E1ON2V

Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of local cryotherapy on temperature changes in the ankle joint. Additionally, a subjective assessment of joint function was performed in individuals with chronic ankle instability and in healthy controls.
Materials and methods. The chronic ankle instability (CAI) group consisted of 10 participants, while the healthy control group included 22. In both groups, ankle joint temperature was measured at four time points: 10 minutes before testing, immediately before cryotherapy, immediately after the procedure, and 10 minutes post-treatment. Functional status of the ankle joint was assessed using the FADI-Q questionnaire.
Results. The lowest temperature was recorded at the Achilles tendon during the first measurement, and the CAI group showed a higher Achilles tendon temperature before testing began. The experimental group scored lower on the FADI-Q questionnaire than the control group.
Conclusions.
1. The CAI group exhibited higher temperature at the distal insertion of the Achilles tendon before the study began.
2. Ten minutes after the procedure, skin temperature had not returned to baseline values.
3. The FADI-Q questionnaire revealed that the group with chronic ankle instability rated their functional status lower.
Key words
functional status, quality of life, erderly people, institutional care
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The effectiveness of the synergy of very low-frequency electromagnetic field and high-energy LED light in the treatment of chronic hypertrophic sinusitis – a case report

Ewa Szram, Magdalena Sroczyk-Jaszczyńska, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Norbert Szram, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Ewa Szram, Magdalena Sroczyk-Jaszczyńska, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Norbert Szram, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The effectiveness of the synergy of very low-frequency electromagnetic field and high-energy LED light in the treatment of chronic hypertrophic sinusitis – a case report –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 249-255

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AC5Q

Abstract:
The combination of low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and LED light radiation has shown stimulating effects on tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory properties, and pain relief. This therapy has proven effective in treating various medical conditions across different branches of medicine. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides precise three-dimensional imaging of bone structures and soft tissues, which is beneficial for diagnosing and treating sinusitis. Its reduced ionizing radiation makes it safer for patients compared to conventional computed tomography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated ELF-EMF and LED physiotherapy, clinically and radiologically assessed using CBCT, in chronic hypertrophic sinusitis – a case report. This integrated therapy was applied to a 68-year-old patient with chronic, periodically exacerbating hypertrophic sinusitis following years of pharmacological and surgical treatment. After the therapy, a significant reduction in sinus mucosal swelling was observed, confirmed by CBCT results. Clinical improvement was evident and substantially improved the patient’s quality of life. Further observation and monitoring are necessary to better understand the effectiveness of this physical therapy in treating sinus infections in various clinical cases. This integrated approach appears promising in improving patient treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
LED light therapy, sinus diseases, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), volumetric tomography, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)

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The effect of HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic postural parameters – a case study of a patient with a blocked atlanto-occipital transition

Przemysław Malich, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasieńko, Agata Pasternak, Adrian Westfal, Helena Gronwald, Karina Kijak, Krzysztof Gronwald, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Przemysław Malich, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasieńko, Agata Pasternak, Adrian Westfal, Helena Gronwald, Karina Kijak, Krzysztof Gronwald, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The effect of HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic postural parameters – a case study of a patient with a blocked atlanto-occipital transition –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 215-225

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8t5I

Abstract
Objective. The study aimed to assess the effects of high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) manipulations on force distribution, pressures, and balance in individuals with atlanto-occipital blockage, focusing on post-treatment improvements.
Research methods. Diagnostic tests (cervical spine compression, Spurling, de Kleyn) and pedobarography (using an EPS/R2 mat and BIOMECH STUDIO software) assessed functionality and postural parameters pre and post HVLA therapy.
Results. Initial diagnosis showed significant disturbances in force distribution, balance, and gait. Post-HVLA therapy improvements included:
1. Balanced forefoot load during standing, with a decrease in heel load percentage.
2. Improved global body pressure distribution, with a notable decrease in left-side body pressure.
3. Enhanced anteroposterior and lateral body oscillation ranges, with a reduced ratio of extreme deflection distances to deflection surface and a decreased average speed of displacements.
4. Normalization of the right foot abduction angle, with no significant change in the left foot’s visitation angle.
5. Slight improvements in foot vault index (AI) and average foot pressure during gait, with minimal changes in maximum foot pressure during gait.
Conclusions. HVLA manipulation significantly improves static balance parameters but shows minimal improvement in gait parameters. This indicates a complex relationship between atlanto-occipital blockage and postural disorders, suggesting the need for further research to explore the association between postural defects and atlanto-occipital transition blockage, as well as the impact of these blockages on postural changes.
Keywords
atlanto-occipital blockage, HVLA manipulation, postural disorders, balance improvement, pedobarography
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Assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness in patients with COPD as part of the project “PulmoRehab – Access to healthcare services through a personalized care system for patients with COPD, including remote monitoring and tele-rehabilitation based on Artificial Intelligence methods”

Katarzyna Bogacz, Anna Szczegielniak, Łukasz Czekaj, Andrzej Jarynowski, Robert Kitłowski, Stanisław Maksymowicz, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Bartosz Pańczyszak, Jacek Łuniewski, Edyta Krajczy, Mirosław Lenczuk, Jacek Sahajdak, Krzysztof Kassolik, Szymon Kaliciński, Jan Szczegielniak

 

Katarzyna Bogacz, Anna Szczegielniak, Łukasz Czekaj et al – Assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness in patients with COPD as part of the project “PulmoRehab – Access to healthcare services through a personalized care system for patients with COPD, including remote monitoring and tele-rehabilitation based on Artificial Intelligence methods” –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 6-11

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8D9D

Abstract
Introduction. In the project “PulmoRehab – Access to Healthcare Services through a Personalized Patient Care System for COPD including Remote Monitoring and Tele-rehabilitation Based on Artificial Intelligence Methods,” SP ZOZ Specialized Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Głuchołazy and 10 partners conducted research on tele-rehabilitation for people suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The tele-rehabilitation program, based on personalized approach and technology, allowed patients to use therapy at home or a convenient location. The project aimed to reduce social inequalities in healthcare by providing remote access to health services for COPD patients.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 80 patients aged 50 to 76 years, hospitalized at Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration’s Specialist Hospital of St. John Paul II, meeting specific criteria. Qualification for the tele-rehabilitation program took into account the assessment of exercise tolerance, dyspnea, fatigue, lung ventilatory function, and saturation. The program included exercises adapted to the individual needs of the patients.
Results. Analysis of the results conducted using XLSTAT software 2021.2.2 showed statistically significant differences between spirometric values before and after rehabilitation. Similarly, significant improvement was observed in the results of the 6MWT test and blood saturation. The tele-rehabilitation program proved effective in improving respiratory health parameters in COPD patients.
Conclusions.
1. The tele-rehabilitation program improves lung ventilatory function in people with COPD. It reduces the feeling of dyspnea, decreases fatigue, improves SpO2, and increases exercise tolerance, demonstrating the beneficial effects of the rehabilitation applied.
2. The obtained results encourage further research on a representative group with the use of randomization.
Key words:
Tele-rehabilitation, COPD
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Changes in body balance due to exposure to trauma – multi-center studies

Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Krzysztof Konior, Anna Walińska, Kinga Gonta, Elżbieta Szkiler, Milena Kraft, Alina Kirpichnikova, Karolina Trąbska, Anna Parus, Tomasz Kupc, Malwina Waleryn-Sagun, Anna Szadkowska, Rafał Mosur, Kamila Mosur, Damian Szyguła, Nicola Książek, Małgorzata Barszczewska, Patrycja Janta, Aneta Mandrosa, Joanna Jarosławska, Klaudia Smolińska, Marta Szewczyk, Agnieszka Byszewska, Anna Morzyńska, Marzena Tuszkowska, Barbara Wrocławska-Tuszkowska, Marek Gapiński, Tomasz Kowalik, Karolina Adamska, Katarzyna Pawliwiec, Jan Głodowski, Konrad Kijak, Małgorzata Kowacka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak et al – Changes in body balance due to exposure to trauma – multi-center studies. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 313-326

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20Bb3T

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of a traumatic event experienced by the subject on postural balance and biomechanical parameters of gait.
Research methodology. The study involved 31 people (n = 100%), including 22 women (nk% = 70.97%), 9 men (nm% = 29.03), aged 29-60. People with diseases and dysfunctions affecting body balance and gait pattern were excluded from the study.
Balance and gait tests were performed using pedobarography (pedobarograph mod. EPS R2, Biomech Studio v2 software). The balance test was performed while standing, for 20 seconds, with sampling every 1 ms (millisecond) – the number of samples during one test is 20,000. The balance and gait assessment tests were performed twice. Test I included testing in neutral conditions, Test II included testing in conditions in which the subject was exposed
to a traumatic event he or she had experienced in the past (so-called exposure to “experienced trauma”).
Results. The obtained results of studies on the impact of exposure to experienced trauma on body balance while standing showed significant differences in body fluctuations in the most important parameters of stabilometric assessment.
The obtained results of research on the impact of exposure to trauma on the subject’s gait showed no significant differences between the test in neutral conditions and the test during exposure.
Conclusions. (1) Exposure to the trauma experienced by the subject significantly affects the body’s balance in a standing position. (2) The research showed no influence of exposure to the experienced trauma on the subject’s gait in the area of the time of contact of the feet with the ground and on the values of maximum and average pressure; The area of the plane where the feet are placed on the ground changes significantly before and after exposure to the trauma experienced by the subject. (3) In research on the impact of trauma on body posture, detailed results of studies on the range of COP fluctuations in each plane should be taken into account – the study showed that the analysis of only average results may significantly indicate an incorrect result in the assessment of body balance.

Keywords
stress, trauma, PTSD, body balance, gait, stabilometry, pedobarography

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The usage of physiotherapeutic ozone therapy in periodontal and oral mucosal diseases – a review of the literature, supported by own observations

Diana Masłyk, Małgorzata Mazurek-Mocho, Izabela Barczyk, Natalia Walczuk, Angelika Rusińska, Natalia Sadowska, Maria Pawlak, Michał Rojewski, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Diana Masłyk, Małgorzata Mazurek-Mocho, Izabela Barczyk, Natalia Walczuk, Angelika Rusińska, Natalia Sadowska, Maria Pawlak, Michał Rojewski, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The usage of physiotherapeutic ozone therapy in periodontal and oral mucosal diseases – a review of the literature, supported by own observations. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 197-204

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20B4l4

Abstract
Introduction. The usage of innovative therapeutic methods in the field of dentistry is con-stantly being researched with a goal to find an effective and safe strategies for the treatment of periodontal and oral mucosal diseases. In recent years, ozone therapy has become a subject of increased interest due to its potential benefits in the field of dental therapy. Ozone, the triatomic gas of oxygen, has gained prominence as an alternative form of therapy that can affect pathological changes within the oral cavity given its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Purpose of the study. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone therapy in dental treatment, with particular emphasis on the effect on periodontal and oral mucosal diseases, as well as tissue regeneration and reduction of pathogenic microorgan-isms within the oral cavity.
Materials and methods. A systematic review of international literature published between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. This analysis included electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO with the intention to collect and examine research findings. The selection of scientific papers was made taking into account the diversity of topics, methodological rigor and adherence to the principles of research ethics. In order to identify publications that met the established selection criteria, a multi-stage evaluating process was used, subjecting the chosen papers to critical evaluation.
Conclusions. The usage of ozone therapy is a vast field of scientific research, subject to con-tinuous analysis, where the results are not always unanimous. In recent years, there has been noted a significant involvement of ozone (O3) in the field of periodontics and other dental disciplines. The effects of ozone and its therapeutic potential are a subject of detailed scientific research aimed at understanding the biological mechanisms and confirming the effectiveness of this form of therapy.

Keywords
ozone, ozone therapy, therapeutic applications, oxidants, dental disinfectants, oral medicine, physical therapy in dentistry, periodontal diseases, oral mucosal diseases

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The cooperation between physiotherapist and dentist in treatment of patient with functional disorders of the masticatory system – questionnaire survey

Marta Grzegocka, Małgorzata Marjańska, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Adam Andrzej Garstka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Marta Grzegocka, Małgorzata Marjańska, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Adam Andrzej Garstka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The cooperation between physiotherapist and dentist in treatment of patient with functional disorders of the masticatory system – questionnaire survey. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 69-74

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20Bm5D

Abstract
Introduction. The experience gained by dentists and physiotherapists in the field of masticatory organ dysfunctions in relation to the body as a whole confirms the belief that the issue of disorders of the masticatory organ motor system is not a local problem. Therefore, the treatment of this type of diseases should not be limited only to the reconstruction of static and dynamic occlusion using conservative, orthodontic or prosthetic methods, neglecting the appropriate mobilization of the musculoskeletal, fascial, osteoarticular chains associated with the cervical section and further sections of the spine. Limiting the diagnosis and therapy of functional disorders only to elements of the stomatognathic system may generate even greater ailments and diseases in the patient.
A wide range of symptoms related to the stomatognathic system, causing unpleasant pain and emotional disorders, determines patients to seek help from many specialists, including: otolaryngologist, neurologist or physiotherapist. The patient has a chance to cure these health problems, provided that the entire rehabilitation team works: a dentist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist and a speech therapist specializing in masticatory system dysfunctions.
Aim of study. The aim of the study was to determine the needs for establishing cooperation between a physiotherapist and dentist in the treatment of patients with functional disorders of the masticatory system.
Material and methods. The research was conducted among 28 physiotherapists from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The diagnostic tool used was an interview questionnaire, containing a number of questions regarding the conditions and quality of establishing cooperation with a dentist in the management of patients referred for physiotherapy treatments for the treatment of disorders in the stomatognathic system.
Conclusions. Existing physiotherapeutic methods shorten the duration of the disease, e.g. through massages, manual therapy (trigger point therapy, mobilization, post-isometric muscle relaxation), physical treatments (ultrasounds, biostimulation laser, cryotherapy, light therapy, magnetic field) and exercises (relaxation, stabilization, proprioception), which the patient performs under the supervision of a therapist and then alone at home. Achieving positive effects in the treatment of patients with stomatognathic disorders requires constant cooperation between a dentist and a physiotherapist. Only a comprehensive, holistic diagnostic and therapeutic approach is a condition for effective treatment.

Keywords
physiotherapist, dentist, masticatory system

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Effects of upper cervical HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic balance parameters in healthy adults – a systematic literature review

Przemysław Malich, Agata Pasternak, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Piotr Skomro, Konrad Kijak, Małgorzata Kowacka, Zbigniew Śliwiński


Przemysław Malich, Agata Pasternak, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Piotr Skomro, Konrad Kijak, Małgorzata Kowacka, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Effects of upper cervical HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic balance parameters in healthy adults – a systematic literature review. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(3); 210-220

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG1436RB

Abstract
Background. Balance is a complex concept that applies not only to tasks with a reduced base of support, but also to everyday activities that require us to maintain a fixed position. Just as the concept itself is broad, the mechanisms for maintaining balance are complex and rely on information received from many regions of the body and organs.
Objective. The aim of this systematic literature review is to analyse whether HVLA manipulation of a blocked C0-C1 segment can affect static and dynamic balance parameters in healthy adults.
Methods. Based on the available literature, accessed via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCO databases, a detailed search of the electronic literature was performed for 2010–2023. Eligible studies were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, using keywords: static balance, dynamic balance, manipulation, HVLA. Out of 114 manuscripts, 82 were short-listed for the preliminary review process. Twenty experimental studies were selected for final analysis.
Results. Out of the 20 publications analysed, 14 examined the effect of HVLA manipulation on balance parameters. In most cases, the study groups consisted of people with no dysfunction or complaints and/or people with neck pain. The most commonly studied parameter was static balance in standing: 17 of 20 publications. For the cervical spine, 50% of the studies found a significant improvement in the parameters studied in the immediate assessment, while in the delayed assessment there were as many significant positive results as there were results with no effect on balance. In the analysis of a subset of trials that examined only asymptomatic patients, partial or significant positive effects were observed in both immediate and delayed assessment.
Conclusions. We were not able to identify studies that would provide a clear answer to the research question. Based on the publications included in the review, it can be assumed that HVLA manipulation in the cervical region has the potential to affect balance in healthy adults, but the number of available studies is too small to draw firm conclusions. Further research in this area is therefore warranted.
Keywords
static balance, dynamic balance, manipulation, HVLA, podoscope
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