Tag: Danuta Lietz-Kijak

The effectiveness of the synergy of very low-frequency electromagnetic field and high-energy LED light in the treatment of chronic hypertrophic sinusitis – a case report

Ewa Szram, Magdalena Sroczyk-Jaszczyńska, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Norbert Szram, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Ewa Szram, Magdalena Sroczyk-Jaszczyńska, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Norbert Szram, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The effectiveness of the synergy of very low-frequency electromagnetic field and high-energy LED light in the treatment of chronic hypertrophic sinusitis – a case report –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 249-255

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AC5Q

Abstract:
The combination of low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and LED light radiation has shown stimulating effects on tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory properties, and pain relief. This therapy has proven effective in treating various medical conditions across different branches of medicine. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides precise three-dimensional imaging of bone structures and soft tissues, which is beneficial for diagnosing and treating sinusitis. Its reduced ionizing radiation makes it safer for patients compared to conventional computed tomography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated ELF-EMF and LED physiotherapy, clinically and radiologically assessed using CBCT, in chronic hypertrophic sinusitis – a case report. This integrated therapy was applied to a 68-year-old patient with chronic, periodically exacerbating hypertrophic sinusitis following years of pharmacological and surgical treatment. After the therapy, a significant reduction in sinus mucosal swelling was observed, confirmed by CBCT results. Clinical improvement was evident and substantially improved the patient’s quality of life. Further observation and monitoring are necessary to better understand the effectiveness of this physical therapy in treating sinus infections in various clinical cases. This integrated approach appears promising in improving patient treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
LED light therapy, sinus diseases, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), volumetric tomography, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)

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The effect of HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic postural parameters – a case study of a patient with a blocked atlanto-occipital transition

Przemysław Malich, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasieńko, Agata Pasternak, Adrian Westfal, Helena Gronwald, Karina Kijak, Krzysztof Gronwald, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Przemysław Malich, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasieńko, Agata Pasternak, Adrian Westfal, Helena Gronwald, Karina Kijak, Krzysztof Gronwald, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The effect of HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic postural parameters – a case study of a patient with a blocked atlanto-occipital transition –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 215-225

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8t5I

Abstract
Objective. The study aimed to assess the effects of high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) manipulations on force distribution, pressures, and balance in individuals with atlanto-occipital blockage, focusing on post-treatment improvements.
Research methods. Diagnostic tests (cervical spine compression, Spurling, de Kleyn) and pedobarography (using an EPS/R2 mat and BIOMECH STUDIO software) assessed functionality and postural parameters pre and post HVLA therapy.
Results. Initial diagnosis showed significant disturbances in force distribution, balance, and gait. Post-HVLA therapy improvements included:
1. Balanced forefoot load during standing, with a decrease in heel load percentage.
2. Improved global body pressure distribution, with a notable decrease in left-side body pressure.
3. Enhanced anteroposterior and lateral body oscillation ranges, with a reduced ratio of extreme deflection distances to deflection surface and a decreased average speed of displacements.
4. Normalization of the right foot abduction angle, with no significant change in the left foot’s visitation angle.
5. Slight improvements in foot vault index (AI) and average foot pressure during gait, with minimal changes in maximum foot pressure during gait.
Conclusions. HVLA manipulation significantly improves static balance parameters but shows minimal improvement in gait parameters. This indicates a complex relationship between atlanto-occipital blockage and postural disorders, suggesting the need for further research to explore the association between postural defects and atlanto-occipital transition blockage, as well as the impact of these blockages on postural changes.
Keywords
atlanto-occipital blockage, HVLA manipulation, postural disorders, balance improvement, pedobarography
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Assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness in patients with COPD as part of the project “PulmoRehab – Access to healthcare services through a personalized care system for patients with COPD, including remote monitoring and tele-rehabilitation based on Artificial Intelligence methods”

Katarzyna Bogacz, Anna Szczegielniak, Łukasz Czekaj, Andrzej Jarynowski, Robert Kitłowski, Stanisław Maksymowicz, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Bartosz Pańczyszak, Jacek Łuniewski, Edyta Krajczy, Mirosław Lenczuk, Jacek Sahajdak, Krzysztof Kassolik, Szymon Kaliciński, Jan Szczegielniak

 

Katarzyna Bogacz, Anna Szczegielniak, Łukasz Czekaj et al – Assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness in patients with COPD as part of the project “PulmoRehab – Access to healthcare services through a personalized care system for patients with COPD, including remote monitoring and tele-rehabilitation based on Artificial Intelligence methods” –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 6-11

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8D9D

Abstract
Introduction. In the project “PulmoRehab – Access to Healthcare Services through a Personalized Patient Care System for COPD including Remote Monitoring and Tele-rehabilitation Based on Artificial Intelligence Methods,” SP ZOZ Specialized Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Głuchołazy and 10 partners conducted research on tele-rehabilitation for people suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The tele-rehabilitation program, based on personalized approach and technology, allowed patients to use therapy at home or a convenient location. The project aimed to reduce social inequalities in healthcare by providing remote access to health services for COPD patients.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 80 patients aged 50 to 76 years, hospitalized at Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration’s Specialist Hospital of St. John Paul II, meeting specific criteria. Qualification for the tele-rehabilitation program took into account the assessment of exercise tolerance, dyspnea, fatigue, lung ventilatory function, and saturation. The program included exercises adapted to the individual needs of the patients.
Results. Analysis of the results conducted using XLSTAT software 2021.2.2 showed statistically significant differences between spirometric values before and after rehabilitation. Similarly, significant improvement was observed in the results of the 6MWT test and blood saturation. The tele-rehabilitation program proved effective in improving respiratory health parameters in COPD patients.
Conclusions.
1. The tele-rehabilitation program improves lung ventilatory function in people with COPD. It reduces the feeling of dyspnea, decreases fatigue, improves SpO2, and increases exercise tolerance, demonstrating the beneficial effects of the rehabilitation applied.
2. The obtained results encourage further research on a representative group with the use of randomization.
Key words:
Tele-rehabilitation, COPD
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Changes in body balance due to exposure to trauma – multi-center studies

Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Krzysztof Konior, Anna Walińska, Kinga Gonta, Elżbieta Szkiler, Milena Kraft, Alina Kirpichnikova, Karolina Trąbska, Anna Parus, Tomasz Kupc, Malwina Waleryn-Sagun, Anna Szadkowska, Rafał Mosur, Kamila Mosur, Damian Szyguła, Nicola Książek, Małgorzata Barszczewska, Patrycja Janta, Aneta Mandrosa, Joanna Jarosławska, Klaudia Smolińska, Marta Szewczyk, Agnieszka Byszewska, Anna Morzyńska, Marzena Tuszkowska, Barbara Wrocławska-Tuszkowska, Marek Gapiński, Tomasz Kowalik, Karolina Adamska, Katarzyna Pawliwiec, Jan Głodowski, Konrad Kijak, Małgorzata Kowacka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Krzysztof Konior, Danuta Lietz-Kijak et al – Changes in body balance due to exposure to trauma – multi-center studies. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 313-326

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20Bb3T

Abstract
Aim. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of a traumatic event experienced by the subject on postural balance and biomechanical parameters of gait.
Research methodology. The study involved 31 people (n = 100%), including 22 women (nk% = 70.97%), 9 men (nm% = 29.03), aged 29-60. People with diseases and dysfunctions affecting body balance and gait pattern were excluded from the study.
Balance and gait tests were performed using pedobarography (pedobarograph mod. EPS R2, Biomech Studio v2 software). The balance test was performed while standing, for 20 seconds, with sampling every 1 ms (millisecond) – the number of samples during one test is 20,000. The balance and gait assessment tests were performed twice. Test I included testing in neutral conditions, Test II included testing in conditions in which the subject was exposed
to a traumatic event he or she had experienced in the past (so-called exposure to “experienced trauma”).
Results. The obtained results of studies on the impact of exposure to experienced trauma on body balance while standing showed significant differences in body fluctuations in the most important parameters of stabilometric assessment.
The obtained results of research on the impact of exposure to trauma on the subject’s gait showed no significant differences between the test in neutral conditions and the test during exposure.
Conclusions. (1) Exposure to the trauma experienced by the subject significantly affects the body’s balance in a standing position. (2) The research showed no influence of exposure to the experienced trauma on the subject’s gait in the area of the time of contact of the feet with the ground and on the values of maximum and average pressure; The area of the plane where the feet are placed on the ground changes significantly before and after exposure to the trauma experienced by the subject. (3) In research on the impact of trauma on body posture, detailed results of studies on the range of COP fluctuations in each plane should be taken into account – the study showed that the analysis of only average results may significantly indicate an incorrect result in the assessment of body balance.

Keywords
stress, trauma, PTSD, body balance, gait, stabilometry, pedobarography

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The usage of physiotherapeutic ozone therapy in periodontal and oral mucosal diseases – a review of the literature, supported by own observations

Diana Masłyk, Małgorzata Mazurek-Mocho, Izabela Barczyk, Natalia Walczuk, Angelika Rusińska, Natalia Sadowska, Maria Pawlak, Michał Rojewski, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Diana Masłyk, Małgorzata Mazurek-Mocho, Izabela Barczyk, Natalia Walczuk, Angelika Rusińska, Natalia Sadowska, Maria Pawlak, Michał Rojewski, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The usage of physiotherapeutic ozone therapy in periodontal and oral mucosal diseases – a review of the literature, supported by own observations. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 197-204

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20B4l4

Abstract
Introduction. The usage of innovative therapeutic methods in the field of dentistry is con-stantly being researched with a goal to find an effective and safe strategies for the treatment of periodontal and oral mucosal diseases. In recent years, ozone therapy has become a subject of increased interest due to its potential benefits in the field of dental therapy. Ozone, the triatomic gas of oxygen, has gained prominence as an alternative form of therapy that can affect pathological changes within the oral cavity given its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Purpose of the study. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone therapy in dental treatment, with particular emphasis on the effect on periodontal and oral mucosal diseases, as well as tissue regeneration and reduction of pathogenic microorgan-isms within the oral cavity.
Materials and methods. A systematic review of international literature published between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. This analysis included electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO with the intention to collect and examine research findings. The selection of scientific papers was made taking into account the diversity of topics, methodological rigor and adherence to the principles of research ethics. In order to identify publications that met the established selection criteria, a multi-stage evaluating process was used, subjecting the chosen papers to critical evaluation.
Conclusions. The usage of ozone therapy is a vast field of scientific research, subject to con-tinuous analysis, where the results are not always unanimous. In recent years, there has been noted a significant involvement of ozone (O3) in the field of periodontics and other dental disciplines. The effects of ozone and its therapeutic potential are a subject of detailed scientific research aimed at understanding the biological mechanisms and confirming the effectiveness of this form of therapy.

Keywords
ozone, ozone therapy, therapeutic applications, oxidants, dental disinfectants, oral medicine, physical therapy in dentistry, periodontal diseases, oral mucosal diseases

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The cooperation between physiotherapist and dentist in treatment of patient with functional disorders of the masticatory system – questionnaire survey

Marta Grzegocka, Małgorzata Marjańska, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Adam Andrzej Garstka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak

Marta Grzegocka, Małgorzata Marjańska, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Helena Gronwald, Piotr Skomro, Adam Andrzej Garstka, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – The cooperation between physiotherapist and dentist in treatment of patient with functional disorders of the masticatory system – questionnaire survey. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(5); 69-74

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20Bm5D

Abstract
Introduction. The experience gained by dentists and physiotherapists in the field of masticatory organ dysfunctions in relation to the body as a whole confirms the belief that the issue of disorders of the masticatory organ motor system is not a local problem. Therefore, the treatment of this type of diseases should not be limited only to the reconstruction of static and dynamic occlusion using conservative, orthodontic or prosthetic methods, neglecting the appropriate mobilization of the musculoskeletal, fascial, osteoarticular chains associated with the cervical section and further sections of the spine. Limiting the diagnosis and therapy of functional disorders only to elements of the stomatognathic system may generate even greater ailments and diseases in the patient.
A wide range of symptoms related to the stomatognathic system, causing unpleasant pain and emotional disorders, determines patients to seek help from many specialists, including: otolaryngologist, neurologist or physiotherapist. The patient has a chance to cure these health problems, provided that the entire rehabilitation team works: a dentist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist and a speech therapist specializing in masticatory system dysfunctions.
Aim of study. The aim of the study was to determine the needs for establishing cooperation between a physiotherapist and dentist in the treatment of patients with functional disorders of the masticatory system.
Material and methods. The research was conducted among 28 physiotherapists from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The diagnostic tool used was an interview questionnaire, containing a number of questions regarding the conditions and quality of establishing cooperation with a dentist in the management of patients referred for physiotherapy treatments for the treatment of disorders in the stomatognathic system.
Conclusions. Existing physiotherapeutic methods shorten the duration of the disease, e.g. through massages, manual therapy (trigger point therapy, mobilization, post-isometric muscle relaxation), physical treatments (ultrasounds, biostimulation laser, cryotherapy, light therapy, magnetic field) and exercises (relaxation, stabilization, proprioception), which the patient performs under the supervision of a therapist and then alone at home. Achieving positive effects in the treatment of patients with stomatognathic disorders requires constant cooperation between a dentist and a physiotherapist. Only a comprehensive, holistic diagnostic and therapeutic approach is a condition for effective treatment.

Keywords
physiotherapist, dentist, masticatory system

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Effects of upper cervical HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic balance parameters in healthy adults – a systematic literature review

Przemysław Malich, Agata Pasternak, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Piotr Skomro, Konrad Kijak, Małgorzata Kowacka, Zbigniew Śliwiński


Przemysław Malich, Agata Pasternak, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Piotr Skomro, Konrad Kijak, Małgorzata Kowacka, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Effects of upper cervical HVLA manipulation on static and dynamic balance parameters in healthy adults – a systematic literature review. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(3); 210-220

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG1436RB

Abstract
Background. Balance is a complex concept that applies not only to tasks with a reduced base of support, but also to everyday activities that require us to maintain a fixed position. Just as the concept itself is broad, the mechanisms for maintaining balance are complex and rely on information received from many regions of the body and organs.
Objective. The aim of this systematic literature review is to analyse whether HVLA manipulation of a blocked C0-C1 segment can affect static and dynamic balance parameters in healthy adults.
Methods. Based on the available literature, accessed via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCO databases, a detailed search of the electronic literature was performed for 2010–2023. Eligible studies were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, using keywords: static balance, dynamic balance, manipulation, HVLA. Out of 114 manuscripts, 82 were short-listed for the preliminary review process. Twenty experimental studies were selected for final analysis.
Results. Out of the 20 publications analysed, 14 examined the effect of HVLA manipulation on balance parameters. In most cases, the study groups consisted of people with no dysfunction or complaints and/or people with neck pain. The most commonly studied parameter was static balance in standing: 17 of 20 publications. For the cervical spine, 50% of the studies found a significant improvement in the parameters studied in the immediate assessment, while in the delayed assessment there were as many significant positive results as there were results with no effect on balance. In the analysis of a subset of trials that examined only asymptomatic patients, partial or significant positive effects were observed in both immediate and delayed assessment.
Conclusions. We were not able to identify studies that would provide a clear answer to the research question. Based on the publications included in the review, it can be assumed that HVLA manipulation in the cervical region has the potential to affect balance in healthy adults, but the number of available studies is too small to draw firm conclusions. Further research in this area is therefore warranted.
Keywords
static balance, dynamic balance, manipulation, HVLA, podoscope
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An interdisciplinary concept for the treatment of Bell’s palsy – a case report

Konrad Kijak, Łukasz Kopacz, Grzegorz Cieślar, Zbigniew Śliwiński, Piotr Skomro, Małgorzata Kowacka, Paweł Berczyński, Danuta Lietz-Kijak


Konrad Kijak, Łukasz Kopacz, Grzegorz Cieślar, Zbigniew Śliwiński, Piotr Skomro, Małgorzata Kowacka, Paweł Berczyński, Danuta Lietz-Kijak – An interdisciplinary concept for the treatment of Bell’s palsy – a case report. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(2); 62-69

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG0DF923

Abstract

Background. Bell’s palsy is a spontaneous paralysis of the facial nerve (i.e. cranial nerve VII). It presents with muscle weakness leading to facial asymmetry, with a drooping corner of the mouth, loss of the ability to whistle, blink, close the eyelid, purse lips or grin. The forehead on the affected side becomes smooth and the patient is not able to frown or raise eyebrows.

Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of combined electrophysical and physiotherapeutic methods on accelerating recovery from facial nerve palsy.

Material and Methods. The authors describe two cases of Bell’s palsy, treated with simulta-neous application of electrophysical agents, in the form of an extremely low-frequency elec-tromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and high-energy LED light, and physiotherapy modalities, i.e. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and kinesiotaping (KT).

Results. After four weeks of electrophysical and physiotherapeutic treatments, a fully satis-factory and stable therapeutic effect was achieved.

Conclusions. The interdisciplinary therapy using ELF-EMF + LED combined with PNF and KT treatments proved to be effective in accelerating recovery from facial nerve palsy. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate protocols.

Key words: Bell’s palsy, electrophysical agents, physiotherapy, LED light therapy with extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), kinesiotaping (KT)
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Temperature measurements on facial skin surface as evaluated by infrared thermal cam-era and pyrometer following physiotherapeutic light treatments

Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Piotr Skomro, Roman Ardan, Elżbieta Kubala, Paulina Strzelecka, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Krzysztof Konior, Helena Gronwald, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Piotr Skomro, Roman Ardan, Elżbieta Kubala, Paulina Strzelecka, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Krzysztof Konior, Helena Gronwald, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Temperature measurements on facial skin surface as evaluated by infrared thermal cam-era and pyrometer following physiotherapeutic light treatments. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(2); 148-157

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG0DF529

Abstract
Any clinical procedure in dentistry, especially one that involves a breach of tissue integrity, carries the risk of complications, which can occur in any speciality. These include: postopera-tive wound pain, tissue swelling, bleeding, redness, elevated temperature, trismus, decreased sensation as a result of nerve damage. Postoperative patient care aims to minimise the risk of complications and to treat those which have developed. To this end, we can resort to physical therapy, one of the modalities of which is light therapy, using electromagnetic wave ranges of red, infrared, yellow and ultraviolet light. Yet, it remains unclear which wavelength should be used to treat any specific disease entity and which form of therapeutic light should be used in the rehabilitation of a specific complication following dental procedures? In this study, we used the Cason CA380 infrared digital pyrometer with a laser pointer and the Fluke Ti 400 thermal imaging camera. On the basis of the tests and statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the application of light significantly increases the temperature of the irradiated facial skin surface. Irrespective of the type of light used, each was associated with an increase in temper-ature. A more pronounced increase in temperature on the facial skin surface after a given ap-plication suggests that the effect of light therapy is shallow, which is relevant to the choice of a specific light wavelength to be applied in a particular disease entity or dental complication.
Key words: temperature measurement, light therapy, pyrometer, thermal imaging
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Multimodal programmes in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) – a two-step review

Krzysztof Konior, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Piotr Skomro, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Zbigniew Śliwiński


Krzysztof Konior, Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko, Danuta Lietz-Kijak, Piotr Skomro, Małgorzata Kowacka, Konrad Kijak, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Multimodal programmes in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) – a two-step review. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(1); 188-202

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG07B914

Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common ailments associated with the human musculoskeletal system, characterised by the presence of the so-called trigger points (TrP – trigger point; MTrPs – myofascial trigger points). The International Association for the Study of Pain indicates that MPS may affect approximately one-third of people with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and that there is a lack of appropriate classification which can be attributed to a misunderstanding and/or misinterpretation of the pathophysiology. Given the diverse causes of pain syndromes in myofascial structures, it is vital to properly select and integrate therapeutic methods. The scientific literature indicates that treatment programmes should include a variety of manual therapy methods and rehabilitation exercises. Trigger point therapies, such as dry needling or dry cupping, are also widely used. At the heart of the success of rehabilitation programmes, in the opinion of the authors of this publication, is their multimodality, i.e. selection of therapeutic methods based on the cause of the pain, providing for measurable, reproducible diagnostic methods in therapy.
Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to analyse and infer conclusions on multimodal myofascial pain therapy programmes.
Material and methods. Given the complex research problem set as the aim, the study was carried out through a literature review in terms of two criteria:
Criterion I (C I): analysis of the literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of myofascial pain (i.e. causes and triggers, symptoms, social and environmental factors determining the onset of MPS), diagnostic procedures (initial diagnosis and ongoing monitoring of treatment outcomes), and therapeutic methods used in the course of MPS.
Criterion II (C II): a literature study of research publications addressing multimodal programmes for myofascial pain therapy, with their qualitative evaluation using the modified PEDro scale, and empirical testing of hypotheses based on the literature study and the analysis made in Part I.
Data sources: PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar electronic databases were searched systematically, restricting the languages to English and German only.
Results. The analysis of the literature showed that the causes, symptoms and associations of myofascial pain have been described in detail. There are also numerous reports on a variety of therapeutic methods, together with a precisely described methodology for their implementation. It is not uncommon to recommend combining methods into multimodal programmes, which unfortunately does not mean that there are many such programmes or that studies on MPS are consistent. The literature study on multimodal treatment programmes for MPS revealed that there is no correlation between its pathogenesis and a purposeful selection of specific therapeutic methods. In a small number of cases, a complex etiopathogenesis led to the formation of multidisciplinary teams. This may be associated with the absence of strict recommendations on the diagnostic methods applicable to the assessment of MPS.
Conclusions. 1. Multimodal programmes for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, notably MPS and MTrPs, should include a detailed and comprehensive diagnosis (structural, biochemical, psycho-emotional) which should serve as the basis for the formation of interdisciplinary rehabilitation teams. 2. Musculoskeletal diagnosis, in addition to radiological assessment, should include measurable techniques of postural and functional assessment (such as pedobarography, wearable sensors, assisted anthropometry, i.e. photogrammetry, videogrammetry, etc.), aimed primarily at the ongoing assessment of posture. 3. The choice of therapeutic methods and patient education should be based on the causes of the patient’s pain, taking into account systemic diseases, postural defects, lifestyle and psycho-emotional state. 4. Scientific research in multimodal treatment programmes should be carried out in randomised groups, with due attention to the methodologies of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and group selection.
Keywords
chronic pain, myofascial pain, manual therapy, exercise, multimodal programmes
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