Tag: Arkadiusz Żurawski

Effectiveness of FED therapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents – a retrospective analysis

Kacper Czekaj, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Marek Wiecheć, Zuzanna Wiecheć, Anna Lipińska

Kacper Czekaj, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Marek Wiecheć, Zuzanna Wiecheć, Anna Lipińska
– Effectiveness of FED therapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents – a retrospective analysis –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(4); 6-13

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZGA431STN3

 

Abstract
Introduction. Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are key factors in reducing its advancement. One of the new non-surgical treatment options is the FED method, which combines spinal fixation, elongation, and derotation by using a specific therapeutic device.
Aim. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a 12-month FED-based treatment in teenagers with idiopathic scoliosis.
Materials and methods. A retrospective review of 63 (54 girls and 9 boys) 9–17-year-old patients with type I or II idiopathic scoliosis, based on the King-Moe classification, was performed. Cobb angle changes were assessed on the basis of pre- and post-therapy period X-rays. Other variables considered were age, sex, type of scoliosis, and skeletal maturity (Riser sign).
Results. Analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in Cobb angle after one year of FED therapy. The outcome of the treatment was not significantly related to the sex of the patient or the type of scoliosis.
Conclusions. FED therapy is considered an efficacious conservative treatment method for adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. The organized and multifaceted characteristics of this approach render it a viable alternative to various physiotherapeutic strategies aimed at addressing spinal deformities.
Key words
idiopathic scoliosis, FED therapy, Cobb angle, conservative treatment, adolescents
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The influence of anatomical markers on the precision of body posture measurement in the DIERS Formetric 4D system – intra- and inter-rater analysis

Zuzanna Wiecheć, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Żaneta Wypych, Marek Wiecheć, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Zuzanna Wiecheć, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Żaneta Wypych, Marek Wiecheć, Zbigniew Śliwiński – The influence of anatomical markers on the precision of body posture measurement in the DIERS Formetric 4D system – intra- and inter-rater analysis –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 432-440

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D193RN5

Abstract
Introduction. Diagnostics in physiotherapy is increasingly based on precise measuring devices; one of the increasingly popular in clinical practice is the DIERS Formetric 4D system. Its effectiveness has been confirmed in many studies, but there is still no assessment of the effectiveness of measurements depending on whether photosensitive anatomical markers were used.
Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to verify the effect of anatomical markers on the results of a photogrammetric examination using the DIERS Formetric system as an example.
Material and methods. The study involved 20 healthy adults. Each subject was examined three times by two independent researchers with two measurement variants – one with anatomical markers and one without markers. Seven body posture parameters were taken into account in the analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC) and Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to determine the variability and reliability of the measurements (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon test.
Results. Five of the seven parameters showed slight differences. Higher values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles and lower values of surface rotation and lateral deviation were obtained in measurements using markers (p < 0.05). ICC values ranged from 0.88 to 0.99, showing very high repeatability in both conditions. Slightly lower values of SEM and MDC in the case of markers indicate higher precision of this method.
Conclusions. The use of anatomical landmarks can increase both the accuracy and reliability of body posture assessment using the DIERS Formetric 4D system, which is particularly important in the case of examinations requiring a high level of precision.
Key words
DIERS Formetric 4D, rasterstereography, posture assessment, anatomical markers, repeatability of measurement, measurement accuracy
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Ultrasound-based assessment of voluntary activation of selected stabilizing muscles in healthy young adults

Zuzanna Wiecheć, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Joanna Macierzyńska, Mahitab Mohamed Yosri, Marek Wiecheć, Hoda Zayed A. Mohamed, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Zuzanna Wiecheć et al. – Ultrasound-based assessment of voluntary activation of selected stabilizing muscles in healthy young adults –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2025; 25(3); 221-227

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG7D19GM4Q

Abstract
Introduction. Conscious activation of deep core muscles is a key element of motor control training and rehabilitation for spinal dysfunctions. Learning to effectively engage these muscles can help improve posture and reduce injury risk.
Aim of the study. This study aimed to evaluate the activation potential of selected stabilizing muscles – longus colli, serratus anterior, transversus abdominis, and lumbar multifidus – by comparing their thickness at rest and during contraction using ultrasound imaging.
Material and methods. A total of 109 healthy young adults (42 men and 67 women, aged 19–25) participated in the study. Muscle thickness was measured at rest and during isometric contraction using ultrasound. Paired t-tests and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated.
Results. A statistically significant increase in thickness was observed only in the transversus abdominis (p = 0.0012; d = 1.48), suggesting effective voluntary activation. The remaining muscles showed no significant changes, with small effect sizes.
Conclusions. Among the tested muscles, only the transversus abdominis showed a clear response to voluntary activation cues, highlighting its importance in core training. Other muscles may require more targeted approaches such as neuromuscular training or biofeedback. Ultrasound proved to be a reliable tool for assessing deep muscle engagement.
Key words
muscle ultrasonography, core stabilization, transversus abdominis, multifidus, muscle activation, motor control
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function on selected postural variables with analysis of changes in equivalent reactions

Zuzanna Broczkowska, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Zbigniew Śliwiński

Zuzanna Broczkowska, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function on selected postural variables with analysis of changes in equivalent reactions –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(5); 267-278

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020CBV25

Abstract Introduction. The position and tensions in the temporomandibular joint directly affect the cervical spine by changing the position of the cervical lordosis through a direct connection between the TMJ joint and the C0-C1 segment. According to the theory of tensegrity occurring in the human body, a change in the position in one segment can affect the other areas of the body. Changes in the tension of the structures in the joint can therefore affect the parameters of the equilibrium reactions. In the current literature review, there is little research on the relationship between the temporomandibular joint and balance. Study aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the temporomandibular joint position on the parameters of cervical spine lordosis depth, body posture and balance reactions in a group of young adults. Methods and materials. A total of 43 people aged 18-26 were examined. The tests were conducted in a static form using the DIERS posture lab system in three settings: TMJ joint in a neutral position, TMJ with maximum jaw tension and opening in maximum possibilities. People with orthodontic appliances and people whose jaw opening range was limited (less than the width of their four fingers) were excluded from the study. Parameters used for analysis: Depth of cervical lordosis [mm], Amount of head protraction [mm], Trunk inclination, Depth and angle of lumbar lordosis, Pelvic inclination, pelvic rotation, and variables defining parameters of equivalent reactions and variables defining parameters of equivalent reactions: Left foot load [%], Right foot load [%], Forefoot load [%], Heel load [%], Maximum left foot pressure [N], Maximum right foot pressure [N], Left foot contact area [cm2], Right foot contact area [cm²], Lateral movement COP (max) [mm], Total lateral movement COP [mm], Total front/back movement COP [mm], COP area. Statistica program was used for statistical analysis. Tests for normality distribution (Shapiro-Wilk), Chi-square test were performed, and correlations were examined with Spearman’s test. Results. Studies conducted on a group of young adults may suggest the influence of the temporomandibular joint position on changes in equivalent changes. The results of descriptive statistics show significant changes in the average results, including around foot load or COP surface. The highest average results were observed in the case of opening the TMJ joint, where deviations in the area of equivalent reaction changes showed the highest average results. The results of both descriptive statistics and correlations did not show significant differences between the joint position and trunk variables. The differences between the was minimal. Conclusions. Changes in the position and tension of the temporomandibular joint affect the position of the cervical spine and balance parameters. For the position with open TMJ positioning, there is a correlation with the variables of the contact area of the right and left foot with the ground. There are no changes in body posture. It cannot be stated that the position of the temporomandibular joint significantly affects the variables of body posture.
Key words temporomandibular joint, spine, balance, DIERS
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Analysis of lumbar lordosis on selected balance parameters in men

Zuzanna Broczkowska, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Kamil Markowski, Zbigniew Śliwiński

 

Zuzanna Broczkowska, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Kamil Markowski, Zbigniew Śliwiński– Analysis of lumbar lordosis on selected balance parameters in men –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(3); 158-167

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG020AB2L

Abstract:
Introduction. Scientific research indicates the impact of increased lumbar lordosis on selected parameters of static foot load and changes in balance reactions in different age groups. According to the authors, pelvic displacement towards nutation directly influences the increase in lumbar lordosis, thereby affecting the previously mentioned parameters.
Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze selected balance parameters in a group of men based on the relationship with their lumbar lordosis depth.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted from January to October 2023 at the Collegium Medicum of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. The study group consisted of students from the Collegium Medicum, aged 18‑26 years. A total of 81 men were examined. The study was carried out in a static form using the Diers Posture Lab system. The parameters included in the statistical analysis were: “Lordosis angle,” “Pelvic inclination,” “Lateral movement (max.) CoP,” “Total lateral movement CoP,” “COP area,” “Total front/back movement CoP.” The analysis also considered Harzmann parameters: “Lateral deviation VP‑DM (rms),” “Surface rotation (rms),” “Pelvic obliquity,” “Pelvic twist,” “Torso deviation from vertical VP‑DM,” as well as parameters determining foot load: “Rear force distribution [%],” “Front force distribution [%],” “Left side force distribution [%],” “Right side force distribution [%],” “Maximum left side pressure [N],” “Maximum right side pressure [N],” “Left foot contact area [cm2],” “Right foot contact area [cm2]” in a group of young adults (students of medical and health sciences). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica Stat Soft 21. Normality tests (Shapiro‑Wilk) and correlation tests using Spearman’s test were conducted.
Results. No statistically significant correlation was found between the lordosis angle and balance reactions, as well as pelvic inclination in the group of young adult men.
Conclusions. Increased lumbar lordosis in young adult men does not directly affect the examined parameters of balance reactions.

Keywords:
lumbar lordosis, balance, pelvis

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Psychophysical condition of a child during the COVID-19 pandemic

Miłosz Opuchlik, Anna Opuchlik, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Marek Wiecheć, Małgorzata Biskup, Kamil Markowski, Zbigniew Śliwiński


Miłosz Opuchlik, Anna Opuchlik, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Marek Wiecheć, Małgorzata Biskup, Kamil Markowski, Zbigniew Śliwiński – Psychophysical condition of a child during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fizjoterapia Polska 2022; 22(5); 6-19

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20A7jJ

Streszczenie

The aim of this article is to present the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychophysical state of a child. The diagnostic survey method and questionnaire technique were used for the study. The survey was conducted online among elementary school students. The empirical material collected shows the evaluation of remote education and its impact on the changes that occurred in children during the pandemic. The changes that occurred during remote learning include increased stress, isolation, lack of contacts with peers, exhaustion, long hours of work in front of a screen and decreased physical activity.

Słowa kluczowe:
COVID-19, remote education, mental development of children, psysical development, social development

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sEMG assessment of the activity of the rectus abdominis and multifidus muscles in different sitting postures

Wojciech Kiebzak, Michał Dwornik, Justyna Żurawska, Arkadiusz Żurawski

W. Kiebzak, M. Dwornik, J. Żurawska, A. Żurawski – sEMG assessment of the activity of the rectus abdominis and multifidus muscles in different sitting postures. FP 2017; 17(3); 52-62

Abstract

Aim. To assess the activity of the rectus abdominis (RA) and multifidus (MF) muscles during slump and active sitting.
Material and method. The study involved 30 participants aged 19-23 years. The activity of the rectus abdominis (RA) and multifidus (MF) muscles was assessed by surface electromyography in four different sitting postures. A questionnaire was also used to assess the degree of difficulty associated with maintaining a particular position. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis.
Results. The highest RA tone of 2.34 was recorded in the adjusted position with backward tilting of the trunk, and the lowest of 1.16 in the slump position. The MF muscle was most active (33.01) in the adjusted position with forward tilting of the trunk, and least active (18.66) in the slump position. The highest proportion of the participants considered the adjusted position with forward tilting of the trunk to be the easiest, followed by the slump position (86.67% and 83.33%, respectively). The adjusted position with backward tilting of the trunk turned out to be the most difficult to maintain (for 90% of the participants). T1 scores indicate a normal distribution of the empirical data.
Conclusions
1. The adjusted sitting position with forward tilting of the trunk is compatible with the clinical assumptions of correct body posture.
2. The adjusted sitting position with forward tilting of the trunk should become an element of national programmes of back overload prevention.

Key words:
sitting posture, sEMG, RA & MF activity, T1 scores

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Application of the Polysensory Stimulation and the General Movement Patterns in Patients with the Serious Traumatic Brain Injury

Wojciech Kiebzak, Anna Wysocka, Arkadiusz Żurawski, Marek Kiljański, Justyna Pogorzelska

W. Kiebzak, A. Wysocka, A. Żurawski, M. Kiljański, J. Pogorzelska – Application of the Polysensory Stimulation and the General Movement Patterns in Patients with the Serious Traumatic Brain Injury. FP 2015; 15(2); 6-20

Abstract

Introduction. Traumatic brain injuries are among the major causes of disabilities and deaths in children. They cause motor performance disorders and neuropsychological dysfunctions. All the above require the maximum reduction of any iatrogenic effects.
Goal. The goal of this paper is to present a rehabilitation program for the patient after severe traumatic brain injury.
Case Study. As the result of a traffic accident, the 15 years old boy had suffered a severe overall trauma, including the traumatic brain injury. He was deeply unconscious, his score in the Glasgow Coma Scale – 4 points. The patient had undergone a 2 months rehabilitation program, while hospitalized. The polysensory stimulation and elements of the following methods had been applied: Vojta method (Reflex locomotion), NDT-Bobath, PNF, Castillo-Morales and Kinesiology Taping. A high degree of the patient’s self-reliance had been achieved, including the ability to walk, with only a slight support.
Discussion. Within the recent – dozen or so – years, numerous studies regarding the physiotherapy treatment in patients with the traumatic brain injury have been published. More often than not, success of the rehabilitation process depends on the early start and the proper orientation of the rehabilitation treatment. Still, in available research, there is very few studies dedicated to the formalized early treatment methods. Hence the need to define the best possible physiotherapy procedures.
Conclusions. The most important issue in the physiotherapy treatment, in patients after the traumatic brain injury, is the interdisciplinary rehabilitation, based on the polysensory stimulation and on the general movement patterns, which combines the techniques of the various methods. Planning of a physiotherapy program should be founded on the basic principles of continuity, comprehensiveness and regularity, but most of all – on the early start of the rehabilitation process. The competent physiotherapy treatment plays an important role in restoration of the cognitive-emotional functions and an achievement of the optimum level of the patient’s psychomotor performance.

Key words:
traumatic brain injury, craniocerebral injury, physiotherapy treatment, polysensory stimulation, general movement patterns

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