Tag: Sivakumar Ramachandran

Međukulturna adaptacija, valjanost i pouzdanost tamil verzije Skale učinkovitosti pada – Međunarodne u starijoj indijskoj populaciji

Sivakumar Ramachandran, Nandini Rajan

Sivakumar Ramachandran, Nandini Rajan – Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Tamil version of the Falls-Efficacy Scale – International in Indian elderly population –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 187-191

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF86RB

Sažetak
Pozadina. Skala učinkovitosti pada – Međunarodna (FES-I) je mjera valjanosti i pouzdanosti koja se koristi za procjenu straha od pada. Međutim, vrijedi napomenuti da FES-I trenutno nije dostupan na tamilskom jeziku. Stoga je cilj ove studije bio međukulturno prilagoditi mjeru na tamilski jezik i naknadno testirati valjanost i pouzdanost prevedene verzije.
Metode. Izvorna engleska verzija FES-I prevedena je prema protokolu koji je postavio ProFaNE. Tamil verzija, FES-I (T), dana je 81 starijem sudioniku koji govori tamilski. Statističke analize provedene su za usporedbu grupa na temelju dobi, spola, straha od pada i povijesti pada. Valjanost FES-I (T) ocijenjena je usporedbom njezinih rezultata s rezultatima TUG testa i SPPB-a. Pouzdanost FES-I (T) ocijenjena je korištenjem koeficijenta unutarklasne korelacije.
Rezultati. Ukupni rezultati dobiveni iz FES-I (T) pokazali su pozitivnu korelaciju s rezultatima dobivenim iz TUG testa (rs = 0.584), dok su pokazali negativnu korelaciju s rezultatima dobivenim iz SPPB-a (rs = −0.619, p-vrijednost < 0.001). Nadalje, pouzdanost ponovljenog testiranja FES-I (T) pokazala se izvrsnom, s koeficijentom unutarklasne korelacije za ukupni rezultat koji je zabilježio vrijednost od 0.99.
Zaključak. Na temelju nalaza ove studije, može se zaključiti da je FES-I (T) vrijedan alat koji se može učinkovito koristiti u kliničkoj praksi i istraživačkim postavkama za procjenu straha od pada kod starijih osoba koje govore tamilski.
Ključne riječi
učinkovitost pada, starije osobe, tamilski jezik
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Učinkovitost pojačanog povratnog odgovora u virtualnom okruženju za rehabilitaciju gornjeg uda nakon akutnog moždanog udara

Hemayuthika Loganathan, Rajeswari Muthusamy, Sivakumar Ramachandran

Hemayuthika Loganathan, Rajeswari Muthusamy, Sivakumar Ramachandran – Effectiveness of reinforced feedback in virtual environment for upper limb rehabilitation in acute stroke –  Fizjoterapia Polska 2024; 24(1); 146-153

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG2EF8k5q

Sažetak
Pozadina. Motorički poremećaji nakon moždanog udara rezultiraju gubitkom funkcije gornjeg ekstremiteta, što je često trajno i onesposobljuje. Pojačani povratni odgovor u virtualnom okruženju (PPVO) mogao bi aktivirati sustave zrcalnih neurona koji su stimulirani tijekom promatranja i izvođenja akcija. Ova studija ima za cilj procijeniti aktivaciju proksimalnih mišića u paretičnom gornjem udu nakon treninga PPVO.
Metodologija. U studiju je uključeno dvadeset četiri pacijenta s moždanim udarom, 12 u kontrolnoj skupini primilo je specifičan trening za oštećenje, a 12 u eksperimentalnoj skupini primilo je PPVO trening uz pomoć Oculus Quest 2 uz specifičan trening vježbi za oštećenje. Površinska elektromiografija (PEMG) mišića ramena zahvaćenog gornjeg uda zabilježena je u obje skupine. Oporavak motorike ruke bilježen je pomoću Chedoke – McMasterove skale za procjenu moždanog udara (CMSA).
Rezultati. Upotrijebljen je uparen t-test za analizu rezultata unutar skupine koji je pokazao poboljšanje u obje skupine, a neparni t-test korišten je za testiranje ishoda između skupina gdje je PPVO skupina pokazala značajno poboljšanje u prosječnoj aktivnosti mišića u prednjem deltoidu, srednjem deltoidu i CMSA rezultatima u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (p < 0,005*).
Zaključak. Rezultati ove studije pokazali su korisne učinke PPVO u treningu gornjeg uda koji su pokazali poboljšanja u aktivaciji mišića u PEMG i oporavku ruke u CMSA rezultatima. Trening PPVO je sigurna i široko prihvaćena učinkovita intervencija u rehabilitaciji akutnog moždanog udara koja bi mogla postati uspješna intervencija za rani funkcionalni oporavak.
Ključne riječi
disfunkcija gornjeg uda, akutni moždani udar, virtualna stvarnost, vizualna povratna informacija, PEMG
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Analiza funkcionalne propriocepcije donjih ekstremiteta među mlađim i starijim odraslima

Ravi Shankar, Sivakumar Ramachandran, Radhika CM, Parthiban P

 

Ravi Shankar, Sivakumar Ramachandran, Radhika CM, Parthiban P – Analysis of functional prorpioception in lower limb among younger and older adults. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(4); 170-174

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG20A7jK

Sažetak
Pozadina. Propriocepcija je unutarnje osjetilo koje pomaže osobi u učenju motoričkog zadatka i besprijekornom izvođenju istog. Općenito se deficit propriocepcije testira mjerenjem stupnjeva pogreške pri ponovnom pozicioniranju zgloba ili ekstremiteta u prostoru. Većina mjera koristi pokrete jednog zgloba, a povremeno se testiraju i pokreti više zglobova s visokotehnološkom opremom u laboratorijskom okruženju. Testiranje više zglobova može odražavati utjecaj deficita propriocepcije na funkcionalnu aktivnost. Koristili smo novu metodu za testiranje propriocepcije kao funkcionalne aktivnosti.
Cilj. Studija ima za cilj analizirati funkcionalnu propriocepciju donjih ekstremiteta među mlađim i starijim odraslima.
Metodologija. Trideset sedam mlađih i trideset sedam starijih odraslih osoba testirano je na propriocepciju donjih ekstremiteta zadatakom dosezanja cilja. Sudioniku je dana ciljna točka za dodirivanje palcem s otvorenim očima. Nakon ispitivanja, zatraženo je da dodirne cilj s zatvorenim očima. Pogreška u udaljenosti mjerena je u centimetrima za tri pokušaja. Za analizu je uzeta minimalna pogreška.
Rezultat. Rezultat pokazuje da je prosječna pogreška oko 2,6 cm kod mladih i 5,7 do 6 cm kod starijih odraslih osoba. Nije bilo razlike u pogledu strane primijećene kod mladih odraslih, ali lijeva strana kod odraslih osoba pokazuje malo veću pogrešku u odnosu na desnu stranu.
Zaključak. Funkcionalna propriocepcija razlikuje se među mlađim i starijim odraslima. Testiranje više zglobova može pružiti različite uvide u sposobnost pojedinca da učinkovito koristi propriocepciju.
Ključne riječi
propriocepcija, testiranje više zglobova, mlađi odrasli, stariji odrasli
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Hand grip strengthening exercises on fine motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder

Mohandass G., Rajeswari Muthusamy, Sivakumar Ramachandran


Mohandass G., Rajeswari Muthusamy, Sivakumar Ramachandran – Hand grip strengthening exercises on fine motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Fizjoterapia Polska 2023; 23(1); 134-140

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG07B63F

Abstract
Background. Movement impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are manifested as both delays and deficits, with delays found in gross motor, fine motor and speech domains and deficits found in coordination, postural control and gait. Functional fine motor task is dependent on hand grip strength (HGS) which is found to be decreased. Therapeutic strategies focus primarily on sensory integration issues but HGS is not comprehensively addressed in improving fine motor skills (FMS).
Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of hand grip strengthening exercises on improving FMS in children with ASD.
Materials and Methods. This interventional study was carried out in 27 children with ASD who were recruited from Vidya sudha – Centre for children with special needs. After including in the study, level of FMS was assessed by Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2) and HGS was quantified with Martin Vigorimeter. Control group received conventional therapy and Intervention group received hand grip strengthening exercises along with routine therapy for duration of 6 weeks and HGS and level of FMS were reassessed with same outcome measures.
Results. Paired t test showed statistically significant change of HGS in Intervention group and FMS of both the group with p < 0.05. Unpaired t test showed statistically significant change of HGS and FMS with p < 0.05 in Interventional group compared to control group.
Conclusion. Hand grip strengthening exercises improves the HGS and has positive effect on FMS which can be included in the standard plan of care in rehabilitating children with ASD.
Keywords
motor impairments, fine motor skills, hand grip strength, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Martin Vigorimeter
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Development of a functional training protocol to improve lower limb motor recovery in early sub-acute stroke patients

Meenakshi Jharbade, Sivakumar Ramachandran, Shankar V, John M Solomon


Meenakshi Jharbade, Sivakumar Ramachandran, Shankar V, John M Solomon – Development of a functional training protocol to improve lower limb motor recovery in early sub-acute stroke patients. Fizjoterapia Polska 2022; 22(1); 234-239

Streszczenie
Abstract
Background. Functional training is a common intervention practiced in stroke rehabilitation. The efficacy of lower limb functional training to improve functions has been widely tested in patients with chronic stroke. Improvement in function generally does not reflect changes in motor recovery. The effect of this training on motor recovery has been less explored. Moreover, a standard protocol for lower limb functional training is elusive in literature.
Aim. To develop an intervention protocol of functional training for lower extremity to improve motor recovery and functions in acute and early subacute stroke patients.
Methods. Study was conducted in two phases. First phase involved literature review to identify the components for functional training for lower extremity in patients with stroke. Second phase involved two rounds of Delphi survey to design an intervention protocol. First round of Delphi survey was conducted to identify the functions of lower extremity that can be used as components of training and second round was conducted to receive the consensus on activities of lower extremity which can be practiced in acute and early subacute stroke patients.
Results. Functions of lower extremity and exercises of functional training which received consensus of atleast 70% and above in Delphi survey are selected to design the protocol. Weight-bearing, postural control, sit to stand, stepping, walking, standing, manipulation function was selected to design activities for functional training.
Conclusion. A Functional training protocol was developed with activities for weight bearing, postural control, manipulation and walking function.
Key words:
stroke, physiotherapy, functional training, rehabilitation, task oriented exercise
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Comparison of visual and goniometric assessment and analysis of inter observer difference in assessing amiel tison angles in high risk infants

K. P. Rupasree, Rajeswari Muthusamy, Sivakumar Ramachandran, C.Arockia Pramila, N. Udayakumar

K. P. Rupasree, Rajeswari Muthusamy, Sivakumar Ramachandran, C.Arockia Pramila, N. Udayakumar – Comparison of visual and goniometric assessment and analysis of inter observer difference in assessing amiel tison angles in high risk infants. Fizjoterapia Polska 2022; 22(1); 38-42

Abstract
Background. High risk infants (HRI) are more vulnerable for neurodevelopmental delay and require periodic developmental assessment at first year of life to prevent and identify the neuromotor deficit at an early age. Clinically visual method is widely followed in evaluating muscle tone using Amiel tison angles (ATA) in HRI but erroneous interpretation of ATA might have consequences in identification and management of subtle tonal deviation. This study intends compare the visual and Goniometric assessment and inter observer difference in the assessment of muscle tone using ATA in HRI.
Methods. 37 HRI who met the inclusion criteria were included and two Physiotherapists with similar qualifications who work in the area of paediatrics participated in the study. The first assessor assessed the ATA visually followed by Goniometric assessment which was followed by visual assessment of ATA by the second assessor.
Results. Unpaired t test was used to compare the difference between goniometric and visual assessment which showed statistically significant difference with p < 0.05. Intraclass correlation coefficient test was used to analyse the inter observer difference. Adductor and Heel to ear angles showed an excellent correlation and popliteal angle showed good correlation with ICC value of 0.97, 0.91and 0.79 respectively.
Conclusion. The result shows that interobserver difference of visual assessment is acceptable but emphasizes that the assessor should gain experience in visually assessing the angles trained initially by using goniometer to prevent erroneous interpretation which could reduce the difference between visual and goniometric estimates in the later stage.
Key words:
high risk infants, amiel tison angle, visual assessment, inter observer difference
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